ESCOLA PREPARATÓRIA DE CADETES DO EXÉRCITO
• 2020
- 12 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
- Text (1) – | Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English test needed to stay in Australia | theguardian.com |
- Text (2) – | Are any foods safe to eat anymore? The fears and the facts | bbc.com |
- Text (3) – | Oxfam America | students.brown.edu |
- Text (4) – | Native English speakers are the world’s worst communicators | bbc.com |
• TEXTO 1
Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.
Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English test needed to stay in Australia
O computador diz que não: veterinário irlandês é reprovado no teste oral de inglês necessário para permanecer na Austrália
Louise Kennedy is an Irish veterinarian with degrees in history and politics – both obtained in English. She is married to an Australian and has been working in Australia as an equine vet on a skilled worker visa for the past two years. As a native English speaker, she has excellent grammar and a broad vocabulary, but has been unable to convince a machine she can speak English well enough to stay in Australia. Louise Kennedy é uma veterinária irlandesa com formação em história e política – ambas obtidas em inglês. Ela é casada com um australiano e trabalha na Austrália como veterinária de equinos com visto de trabalhador qualificado há dois anos. Como falante nativa de inglês, ela tem uma gramática excelente e um vocabulário amplo, mas não conseguiu convencer uma máquina de que fala inglês o suficiente para permanecer na Austrália.
But she is now scrambling for other visa options after a computer-based English test – scored by a machine – essentially handed her a fail in terms of convincing immigration officers she can fluently speak her own language. Mas ela está agora à procura de outras opções de visto depois de um teste de inglês baseado em computador – avaliado por uma máquina – ter essencialmente reprovado a sua capacidade de convencer os agentes de imigração de que consegue falar fluentemente a sua própria língua.
Earlier this year, Kennedy decided she would seek permanent residency in Australia. She knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test but was shocked when she got the results. While she passed all other components of the test including writing and reading, (...). She got 74 when the government requires 79. “There’s obviously a flaw in their computer software, when a person with perfect oral fluency cannot get enough points,” she said. No início deste ano, Kennedy decidiu que buscaria residência permanente na Austrália. Ela sabia que teria que fazer um teste obrigatório de proficiência em inglês, mas ficou chocada quando recebeu os resultados. Embora ela tenha passado em todos os outros componentes do teste, incluindo escrita e leitura, (...). Ela obteve 74 quando o governo exige 79. “Há obviamente uma falha no software do computador, quando uma pessoa com fluência oral perfeita não consegue obter pontos suficientes”, disse ela.
The test providers have categorically denied there is anything wrong with its computer-based test or the scoring engine trained to analyse candidates’ responses. “We do not offer a pass or a fail, simply a score and the immigration department set the bar very high for people seeking permanent residency”, they say. Os fornecedores de testes negaram categoricamente que haja algo de errado com o teste baseado em computador ou com o mecanismo de pontuação treinado para analisar as respostas dos candidatos. “Não oferecemos aprovação ou reprovação, apenas uma pontuação e o departamento de imigração estabeleceu um padrão muito alto para quem busca residência permanente”, afirmam.
Kennedy, who is due to have a baby in October, says she will now have to pursue a bridging visa, while she seeks a more expensive spouse visa so she can remain with her Australian husband. Kennedy, que deverá ter um filho em outubro, diz que agora terá que obter um visto provisório, enquanto procura um visto de esposa mais caro para poder permanecer com o marido australiano.
45 – Which one from the underlined verbs in the text conveys a different verb tense?
(A) has
(B) handed
(C) decided
(D) knew
(E) got
• Gabarito A
(A) has (Present Simple)
(B) handed
(C) decided (Past Simple)
(D) knew (Past Simple)
(E) got (Past Simple)
- “She knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test...” (paragraph 3).
(A) difficult
(B) reasonable
(C) compulsory
(D) useful
(E) comprehensive
• Gabarito C
- “She knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test...”
- (Ela sabia que teria que fazer um teste obrigatório de proficiência em inglês).
(A) difficult
(B) reasonable
(C) compulsory
(D) useful
(E) comprehensive abrangente
[A] she got more than necessary to pass the oral test.
[B] she couldn’t get the results on the computer software.
[C] she didn’t have enough time to take the listening test.
[D] she failed to reach the minimum score in oral fluency.
[E] she was not able to write a composition.
• Gabarito D
[A] she got more than necessary to pass the oral test.
[B] she couldn’t get the results on the computer software.
[C] she didn’t have enough time to take the listening test.
[D] she failed to reach the minimum score in oral fluency.
[E] she was not able to write a composition.
Are any foods safe to eat anymore?
The fears and the facts
Ainda há algum alimento seguro para comer? Os medos e os fatos
Food was once seen as a source of sustenance and pleasure. Today, the dinner table can instead begin to feel like a minefield. Is bacon really a risk factor of cancer? Will coffee or eggs give you a heart attack? Does wheat contribute to Alzheimer’s disease? Will dairy products clog up your arteries? Worse still, the advice changes continually. As TV-cook Nigella Lawson recently put it: “You can guarantee that what people think will be good for you this year, they won’t next year.” A comida já foi vista como fonte de sustento e prazer. Hoje, a mesa de jantar pode começar a parecer um campo minado. O bacon é realmente um fator de risco de câncer? Café ou ovos causarão ataque cardíaco? O trigo contribui para a doença de Alzheimer? Os laticínios obstruirão suas artérias? Pior ainda, o conselho muda continuamente. Como disse recentemente a cozinheira de TV Nigella Lawson: “Você pode garantir que o que as pessoas acham que será bom para você este ano, não será no próximo”.
This may be somewhat inevitable: evidence-based health advice should be constantly updated as new studies explore the nuances of what we eat and the effects the meals have on our bodies. But when the media (and ill-informed health gurus) exaggerate the results of a study without providing the context, it can lead to unnecessary fears that may, ironically, push you towards less healthy choices. Isto pode ser um tanto inevitável: os conselhos de saúde baseados em evidências devem ser constantemente atualizados à medida que novos estudos exploram as nuances do que comemos e os efeitos que as refeições têm no nosso corpo. Mas quando a mídia (e os gurus da saúde mal informados) exageram os resultados de um estudo sem fornecer o contexto, isso pode levar a medos desnecessários que podem, ironicamente, empurrá-lo para escolhas menos saudáveis.
The good news is that “next year” you may be pleased to learn that many of your favourite foods are not the ticking time bomb you have been led to believe... A boa notícia é que “no próximo ano” você poderá ficar satisfeito em saber que muitas de suas comidas favoritas não são a bomba-relógio que você foi levado a acreditar...
- Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20151029-are-any-foods-safe-to-eat-anymore-heres-the-truth
48 – Choose the statement in which the word minefield has been used in a figurative way just like in paragraph 1.
(A) I’ve heard stories about a ghost town that has a secret minefield.
(B) Princess Diana walked through an active minefield in Angola.
(C) The rhetoric of the legal system is a minefield for the ordinary person.
(D) A minefield located in the rear of the battle area must be marked.
(E) Placing a minefield without marking it for later removal is a war crime.
• Gabarito C
Escolha a afirmação em que a palavra minefield (campo minado) foi usada de forma figurada, tal como no parágrafo 1.
(A) I’ve heard stories about a ghost town that has a secret minefield.
(B) Princess Diana walked through an active minefield in Angola.
(C) The rhetoric of the legal system is a minefield for the ordinary person.
(D) A minefield located in the rear of the battle area must be marked.
(E) Placing a minefield without marking it for later removal is a war crime. Colocar um campo minado sem marcá-lo para posterior remoção é um crime de guerra.
[A] finely
[B] badly
[C] sadly
[D] highly
[E] gladly
• Gabarito B
[A] finely
[B] badly
[C] sadly
[D] highly
[E] gladly
50 – In the text, the word ironically (paragraph 2) introduces
(A) a situation that is irreversible.
(B) a situation that ends the problem.
(C) a situation that is not true.
(D) a situation that carries a contradiction.
(E) a situation that carries the solution.
• Gabarito D
No texto, a palavra ironicamente (parágrafo 2) introduz
(A) a situation that is irreversible.
(B) a situation that ends the problem.
(C) a situation that is not true.
(D) a situation that carries a contradiction.
(E) a situation that carries the solution. uma situação que carrega a solução.
OXFAM AMERICA
OXFAM AMÉRICA
Oxfam stands for the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief. It was started in Oxford, England in 1942 in response to the European famine-related issues resulting from the Second World War. Oxfam significa Comitê de Oxford para o Alívio da Fome. Foi iniciado em Oxford, Inglaterra, em 1942, em resposta às questões relacionadas com a fome na Europa resultantes da Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Ten other countries worldwide, including the United States and Australia, have started chapters of Oxfam. They make up what is known as Oxfam International. Dez outros países em todo o mundo, incluindo os Estados Unidos e a Austrália, iniciaram capítulos da Oxfam. Eles constituem o que é conhecido como Oxfam International.
Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice through long-term partnerships with poor communities around the world. A Oxfam América dedica-se a criar soluções duradouras para a fome, a pobreza e a injustiça social através de parcerias de longo prazo com comunidades pobres em todo o mundo.
As a privately funded organization, we can speak with conviction and integrity as we challenge the structural barriers that foster conflict and human suffering and limit people from gaining the skills, resources, and power to become self-sufficient. Como organização financiada pelo setor privado, podemos falar com convicção e integridade à medida que desafiamos as barreiras estruturais que fomentam o conflito e o sofrimento humano e limitam as pessoas de adquirirem competências, recursos e poder para se tornarem auto-suficientes.
Oxfam implements various global projects that target areas particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the form of food aid. A Oxfam implementa vários projectos globais que visam áreas particularmente afectadas pela fome. Os projetos centram-se no desenvolvimento da auto-suficiência das comunidades onde estão baseados, em vez de meramente fornecerem ajuda sob a forma de ajuda alimentar.
Oxfam’s projects operate on the communal level, and are developed by evaluating issues causing poverty and hunger in the community and subsequently the possible infrastructure that could end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency. Os projetos da Oxfam operam a nível comunitário e são desenvolvidos através da avaliação de questões que causam a pobreza e a fome na comunidade e, subsequentemente, as possíveis infra-estruturas que poderiam acabar com a fome e promover a obtenção da auto-suficiência.
Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has been or is involved range from a women’s literacy program in India to providing microloans and agriculture education programs for small-scale organic farmers in California. Exemplos de projetos em que a Oxfam América esteve ou está envolvida vão desde um programa de alfabetização de mulheres na Índia até ao fornecimento de microcréditos e programas de educação agrícola para pequenos agricultores biológicos na Califórnia.
51 – In the sentences
- “...barriers that foster conflict and human suffering...” (paragraph 2)
and
- “...end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency.” (paragraph 3),
[A] promote.
[B] expel.
[C] minimize.
[D] finish.
[E] decrease.
• Gabarito A
[A] promote.
[B] expel.
[C] minimize.
[D] finish.
[E] decrease.
- “...barriers that foster conflict and human suffering...” (paragraph 2)
- barreiras que fomentam o conflito e o sofrimento humano...
- “...end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency.” (paragraph 3),
- acabar com a fome e promover a obtenção da autossuficiência.
[A] Oxfam and the projects.
[B] the projects and food aid.
[C] the communities and food aid.
[D] self-sufficiency and the communities.
[E] the communities and the projects.
• Gabarito E
[A] Oxfam and the projects.
[B] the projects and food aid.
[C] the communities and food aid.
[D] self-sufficiency and the communities.
[E] the communities and the projects.
53 – According to the text, choose the correct alternative.
(A) Oxfam helps poor people only giving food to them.
(B) Famine was one of the consequences of Second World War in Europe.
(C) Oxfam’s money comes from the government.
(D) Oxfam’s projects are not supposed to go beyond Europe.
(E) Oxfam believes that the causes of poverty and hunger are impossible to overcome.
• Gabarito B
(A) Oxfam helps poor people only giving food to them.
(B) Famine was one of the consequences of Second World War in Europe.
(C) Oxfam’s money comes from the government.
(D) Oxfam’s projects are not supposed to go beyond Europe.
Native English speakers are the world’s worst communicators
Os falantes nativos de inglês são os piores comunicadores do mundo
It was just one word in one email, but it caused huge financial losses for a multinational company. The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one. Foi apenas uma palavra num e-mail, mas causou enormes perdas financeiras para uma empresa multinacional. A mensagem, escrita em inglês, foi enviada por um falante nativo a um colega para quem o inglês era a segunda língua. Inseguro quanto à palavra, o destinatário encontrou dois significados contraditórios em seu dicionário. Ele agiu de forma errada.
Months later, senior management investigated why the project had failed, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back to this one word,” says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn’t reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable. “Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.” Meses depois, a alta administração investigou por que o projeto fracassou, custando centenas de milhares de dólares. “Tudo remonta a esta palavra”, diz Chia Suan Chong, uma formadora intercultural e de competências de comunicação baseada no Reino Unido, que não revelou a palavra complicada porque é altamente específica da indústria e possivelmente identificável. “As coisas saíram do controle porque ambas as partes pensavam o contrário.”
When such misunderstandings happen, it’s usually the native speakers who are to blame. Quando esses mal-entendidos acontecem, geralmente a culpa é dos falantes nativos.
Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong. Ironicamente, eles são piores na transmissão da sua mensagem do que as pessoas que falam inglês como segunda ou terceira língua, de acordo com Chong.
“A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the world’s global language. They feel they don’t have to spend time learning another language.” “Muitos falantes nativos estão felizes porque o inglês se tornou a língua global do mundo. Eles sentem que não precisam perder tempo aprendendo outro idioma.”
The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, trying to communicate efficiently with limited, simple language, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Acontece que os falantes não-nativos falam com mais determinação e cuidado, tentando comunicar de forma eficiente com uma linguagem limitada e simples, típica de alguém que fala uma segunda ou terceira língua.
Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang, abbreviations and references specific to their own culture, says Chong. Os anglófonos, por outro lado, muitas vezes falam demasiado rápido para que os outros os possam acompanhar e usam piadas, gírias, abreviaturas e referências específicas da sua própria cultura, diz Chong.
“The native English speaker is the only one who might not feel the need to adapt to the others,” she adds. “O falante nativo de inglês é o único que pode não sentir necessidade de se adaptar aos demais”, acrescenta.
- Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20161028-native-english-speakers-are-the-worlds-worst-communicators
54 – Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes SPIRALLED OUT OF CONTROL in the sentence
“Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.” (paragraph 2).
(A) quickly got worse in an unmanageable way
(B) got better after a phone call about the word
(C) were intentionally unprofessionally handled
(D) went on the way everybody wanted them to go
(E) started to reach a common sense for them
• Gabarito A
“Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.” (paragraph 2).
(A) quickly got worse in an unmanageable way
(B) got better after a phone call about the word
(C) were intentionally unprofessionally handled
(D) went on the way everybody wanted them to go
(E) started to reach a common sense for them
55 – About the words purposefully, carefully and efficiently (paragraph 4) , it is correct to say that
(A) they are adjectives.
(B) they are nouns.
(C) they are verbs.
(D) they are prepositions.
(E) they are adverbs.
• Gabarito E
(A) they are adjectives.
(B) they are nouns.
(C) they are verbs.
(D) they are prepositions.
(E) they are adverbs.
56 – According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
I – The company had a profit of hundreds of thousands of dollars.
II – The tricky word that caused the problem isn’t mentioned in the text.
III – Native speakers don’t usually think they should adapt in order to make themselves understood.
IV – Using abbreviations in emails facilitates the communication.
V – Non-native speakers choose language from a limited repertoire.
(A) I, II and III are correct.
(B) II, III and IV are correct.
(C) I, IV and V are correct.
(D) II, IV and V are correct.
(E) II, III and V are correct.
• Gabarito E
I – The company had a profit of hundreds of thousands of dollars.
II – The tricky word that caused the problem isn’t mentioned in the text.
III – Native speakers don’t usually think they should adapt in order to make themselves understood.
IV – Using abbreviations in emails facilitates the communication.
