Prova de Inglês- Texto (1) | Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste | www.oecd.org |
- Texto (2) | Could earth be fried by a 'superflare' from the sun? | www.sciencemag.org |
- Texto (3) | I wish I’d never said that | Oxford |
- Texto (4) | I wish I’d never said that | Oxford |
- Texto (5) | High-tech eavesdropping on the ganges river dolphin | http://spectrum.ieee.org |
- Texto (6) | I wish I’d never said that | Oxford |
- 25 Multiple Choice Questions | 5 Options Each Question.
Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste
Os aterros sanitários e a introdução de nanomateriais nos resíduos
Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used __01__. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential __02__ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, __03__ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems.
Modern engineered landfills use __04__ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __05__ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants.
Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs __06__ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported__07__ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __08__ an important area for further research.
Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste __09__ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely __10__ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations.
(…)
ENMs = engineered nanomaterials.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste. In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponível em:<http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINAL&docLanguage=En>. Acesso em: 22/04/2015.
- Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico. Os aterros sanitários e a introdução de nanomateriais nos resíduos. In: Aterro de resíduos contendo nanomateriais e nanorresíduos, 2015. Disponível em:<http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINAL&docLanguage=En>. Acedido em: 22/04/2015.
01 – (IME-2016/2017)
(A) shiningly
(B) locale
(C) in broad spectrum
(D) far-reaching
(E) worldwide
• Gabarito E
(B) locale
(C) in broad spectrum
(D) far-reaching
(E) worldwide (em todo o mundo)
- Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used worldwide.
- A eliminação de resíduos em terra (despejo) e a deposição em aterro continuam a ser as técnicas de gestão de resíduos mais proeminentes utilizadas em todo o mundo.
02 – (IME-2016/2017)
(A) release
(B) confinement
(C) allowance
(D) bondage
(E) exemption
• Gabarito A
(B) confinement
(C) allowance
(D) bondage
- The potential release of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place,
- A dispersão potencial de contaminantes através dos gases de aterro e dos lixiviados depende em grande parte da concepção do aterro, das condições do local e da sofisticação das medidas de controlo em vigor,
03 – (IME-2016/2017)
(A) moreover
(B) host
(C) comprised
(D) including
(E) inward
• Gabarito D
(A) moreover
(B) host
(C) comprised
(D) including
(E) inward (para dentro, interior)
- The potential release of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, including landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems.
- A potencial libertação de contaminantes através de gases de aterro e lixiviados depende em grande parte da concepção do aterro, das condições do local e da sofisticação das medidas de controlo em vigor, incluindo a recuperação de gases de aterro e sistemas de recolha e tratamento de lixiviados.
04 – (IME-2016/2017)
(A) thread
(B) crease
(C) synthetic
(D) factitious
(E) legitimate
• Gabarito C
- "[...] Modern engineered landfills use synthetic barriers..."
- Os modernos aterros projetados usam barreiras sintéticas.
05 – (IME-2016/2017)
(A) in so far
(B) thereby
(C) besides
(D) despite
(E) nevertheless
(A): in so far (na medida em que)
(B): thereby (assim, dessa forma)
(C): besides (além disso)
(D): despite (apesar de)
(E): nevertheless (entretanto)
>> IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ➝ thereby (assim, dessa forma):
- "[...] The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; thereby preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere."
- O objetivo desses sistemas de coleta é capturar e tratar o lixiviado e o gás do aterro; impedindo assim a migração do lixiviado para as águas subterrâneas / superficiais e a libertação de gases de aterro não tratados para a atmosfera.
06 – (IME-2016/2017)
(A) would untie
(B) may set free
(C) can be acquitted
(D) could be released
(E) should unleash
(A) would untie (iriam desatar)
(B) may set free (poderiam libertar)
(C) can be acquitted (pode ser absolvido)
(D) could be released (poderia ser lançado)
(E) should unleash (deveria soltar)
>> IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ➝ could be released(poderia ser lançado):
- "[...] Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs could be released through landfill gases;"
- Devido ao amplo uso de ENMs em uma ampla gama de produtos, é possível que alguns ENMs possam ser liberados através de gases de aterro sanitário.
07 – (IME-2016/2017)
(A) prior
(B) out of
(C) by
(D) afresh
(E) up
(A) prior (prévio, anterior)
(B) out of (para fora)
(C) by (por)
(D) afresh (de novo)
(E) up (para cima)
>> IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ➝ out of (para fora):
- "[...] however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported out of a landfill."
- No entanto, este relatório incidirá principalmente sobre os ENMs que possam estar presentes no lixiviado do aterro, uma vez que este é considerado o principal meio pelo qual as ENMs podem ser transportadas para fora de um aterro.
08 – (IME-2016/2017)
(B) may have considered
(C) could have considered
(D) will not consider
(E) would not consider
(A) should be considered (deveria ser considerado)
(B) may have considered (pode ter considerado)
(C) could have considered (poderia ter considerado)
(D) will not consider (não irá considerar)
(E) would not consider (não consideraria)
>> IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ➝ should be considered (deveria ser considerado):
- "[...] Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs should be considered an important area for further research."
- A caracterização de gases de aterro para identificar a presença de ENMs deve ser considerada uma área importante para futuras pesquisas.
09 – (IME-2016/2017)
(A) indoors
(B) inwardly
(C) within
(D) aside
(E) overhead
• Gabarito C
- "[...] Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste within the landfill."
- O lixiviado do aterro é gerado quando a chuva passa pela massa de resíduos e pelo líquido gerado devido à decomposição de resíduos DENTRO DO aterro.
10 – (IME-2016/2017)
(A) iffy
(B) ticklish
(C) variable
(D) mobile
(E) wavering
(A) iffy (duvidoso)
(B) ticklish (cóceguento)
(C) variable (variável)
(D) mobile (móvel)
(E) wavering (oscilante/vacilante)
>> IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ➝ variable (variável):
- "[...] The composition of leachate is extremely variable depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations."
- A composição do lixiviado é extremamente variável dependendo do tipo de resíduo aterrado, da quantidade de precipitação, da construção e operação do aterro, da idade do aterro e de outros fatores, como pH, temperatura e populações microbianas.
❑ TEXTO 2: Para as questões de 11 a 12, responda de acordo com o texto 2 a seguir:
Could earth be fried by a 'superflare' from the sun?
Poderá a Terra ser frita por uma "super-erupção" do Sol?
Daniel Clery
Solar flares on the sun frequently shower Earth with high-energy particles causing the Aurora Borealis and, occasionally, less-welcome disruptions to power networks and communications. But researchers say that there is a chance—though small—that the sun could one day blast us with a solar flare thousands of times as powerful, potentially frying our atmosphere and obliterating life.
As erupções solares atingem frequentemente a Terra com partículas de alta energia, causando a Aurora Boreal e, ocasionalmente, interrupções menos indesejadas nas redes de energia e comunicações. Mas os investigadores dizem que há uma hipótese — embora pequena — de que o sol possa um dia atingir-nos com uma erupção solar milhares de vezes mais poderosa, potencialmente fritando a nossa atmosfera e destruindo a vida.
Other stars occasionally produce such “superflares,” some up to 10,000 times the power of the largest solar flare ever detected. To see whether these are generated by the same process as happens on the sun—the breaking and reconnection of magnetic fields—astronomers studied light from 100,000 stars using China’s Guo Shouiing Telescope.
Outras estrelas produzem ocasionalmente tais “supererupções”, algumas com até 10.000 vezes a potência da maior erupção solar alguma vez detectada. Para verificar se são geradas pelo mesmo processo que ocorre no Sol — a quebra e a reconexão dos campos magnéticos — os astrónomos estudaram a luz de 100 mil estrelas utilizando o Telescópio Guo Shouiing da China.
As they report online in Nature Communications, superflares do seem to be produced by the same process, but they usually occur in stars with much stronger magnetic fields than the sun’s.
Como foi relatado online na Nature Communications, as supererupções parecem ser produzidas pelo mesmo processo, mas geralmente ocorrem em estrelas com campos magnéticos muito mais fortes do que o do Sol.
Still, the researchers found that about 10% of the superflaring stars had magnetic fields similar to or weaker than the sun’s.
Ainda assim, os investigadores descobriram que cerca de 10% das estrelas superexplosivas tinham campos magnéticos semelhantes ou mais fracos do que os do Sol.
From evidence in tree rings, the researchers say, it looks like Earth suffered small superflares—10 to 100 times bigger than normal—in 775 C.E. and 993 C.E. We can expect more, they conclude, once per millennium. (As for the chances of an Earth-frying flare, they don’t say.)
A partir de evidências em anéis de árvores, os investigadores dizem que parece que a Terra sofreu pequenas supererupções — 10 a 100 vezes maiores do que o normal — em 775 d.C. e 993 d.C. Podemos esperar mais, concluem, uma vez por milénio. (Quanto às probabilidades de uma erupção que possa fritar a Terra, não dizem.)
So, back up your data and stock up on candles.
Assim, faça backup dos seus dados e stock velas.
C.E. = Common Era, the same as A.D., Anno Domini.
- CLERY, D. Could earth be fried by a ‘superflare’ from the sun?. In: Science, AAAS, 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/could-earth-be-fried-superflare-sun>. Acesso em: 15/06/2016.
- CLERY, D. Poderá a Terra ser frita por uma ‘super-erupção’ do sol? In: Science, AAAS, 2016. Disponível em: <http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/could-earth-be-fried-superflare-sun>. Acedido em: 15/06/2016.
11 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Researches are disrupted since a solar flare will obliterate life.
(B) Sun eruptions could wipe out all life on Earth.
(C) The Aurora Borealis is as welcome as disruptions.
(D) Power networks frequently benefit from solar flares.
(E) Whenever Aurora Borealis can be seen, there will not be any power network.
(A) Researches are disrupted since a solar flare will obliterate life.
Pesquisas são interrompidas porque uma erupção solar irá destruir a vida.
(B) Sun eruptions could wipe out all life on Earth.
As erupções do sol poderiam acabar com toda a vida na Terra.
(C) The Aurora Borealis is as welcome as disruptions.
A Aurora Boreal é tão bem vinda quanto as perturbações.
(D) Power networks frequently benefit from solar flares.
Redes de energia freqüentemente se beneficiam de explosões solares.
12 – Choose the correct option.
(A) An equipment from an Asian country broke and reconnected 100,000 magnetic fields.
(B) 10,000 “strong” solar flares produced by other stars were detected.
(C) 100,000 stars have stronger magnetic fields than the sun's.
(D) The breaking and reconnection of magnetic fields surely produce superflares from stars different from the sun.
(E) Bigger than normal flares may have reached our planet.
(A) An equipment from an Asian country broke and reconnected 100,000 magnetic fields.
Um equipamento de um país asiático quebrou e reconectou 100.000 campos magnéticos.
(B) 10,000 “strong” solar flares produced by other stars were detected.
10.000 explosões solares “fortes” produzidas por outras estrelas foram detectadas.
(C) 100,000 stars have stronger magnetic fields than the sun's.
100.000 estrelas têm campos magnéticos mais fortes que os do sol.
(D) The breaking and reconnection of magnetic fields surely produce superflares from stars different from the sun.
A quebra e reconexão de campos magnéticos certamente produzem superflares de estrelas diferentes do sol.
Um incêndio maior do que o normal pode ter chegado ao nosso planeta.
13 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Since a flare may occur at any moment, it’s interesting to have some candles at home due to the power disruption it may cause.
(B) Superflares are predictable once a millennium as well as an Earth-frying superflare, so it is essential to have our data saved.
(C) Evidence in tree rings prove we will be able to see the Aurora Borealis twice in this millenium.
(D) The percentage of Earth-frying flares was also detected by scientists.
(E) 10% of superflaring stars produce 10 to 100 times stronger superflares.
(A) Since a flare may occur at any moment, it’s interesting to have some candles at home due to the power disruption it may cause.
Como um surto pode ocorrer a qualquer momento, é interessante ter algumas velas em casa devido à interrupção de energia que isso pode causar.
(B) Superflares are predictable once a millennium as well as an Earth-frying superflare, so it is essential to have our data saved.
Superflares são previsíveis uma vez por milênio, assim como um superflare de fritura da Terra, então é essencial ter nossos dados salvos.
(C) Evidence in tree rings prove we will be able to see the Aurora Borealis twice in this millenium.
Evidências em anéis de árvores provam que poderemos ver a Aurora Boreal duas vezes neste milênio.
(D) The percentage of Earth-frying flares was also detected by scientists.
A porcentagem de chamas de fritura da Terra também foi detectada pelos cientistas.
❑ TEXTO 3: Para as questões 14 e 15, responda de acordo com o texto 3 a seguir:
Twelve years after the first Morse Code signal had been successfully transmitted across the Atlantic, an American inventor named Lee de Forest appeared in a US court charged with fraud. The case against him was that he had been selling shares in his Radio Telephone Company.
Doze anos após o primeiro sinal de Código Morse ter sido transmitido com sucesso através do Atlântico, um inventor americano chamado Lee de Forest compareceu num tribunal dos EUA acusado de fraude. O caso contra ele era de que estava a vender ações da sua empresa de rádio telefônica.
Putting his case before the jury, the prosecutor explained, 'De Forest has said in many newspapers and over his signature that it would be possible to transmit the human voice across the Atlantic before many years.Based on these absurd and deliberately misleading statements, the misguided public has been persuaded to purchase stocks in his company'.
Apresentando o seu caso ao júri, o procurador explicou: "De Forest disse em muitos jornais e na sua assinatura que seria possível transmitir a voz humana através do Atlântico em menos de muitos anos. Com base nestas declarações absurdas e deliberadamente enganadoras, o público enganado foi persuadido a comprar ações da sua empresa'.
Two years later, the first direct transatlantic speech relay by radio telephone was made. As for Lee de Forest, he patented more than 300 inventions and became known in America as the ‘father of radio’.
Dois anos depois, foi feita a primeira transmissão direta de voz transatlântica por rádio telefone. Quanto a Lee de Forest, patenteou mais de 300 invenções e ficou conhecido na América como o "pai da rádio".
- In: I wish I’d never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 61.
- In: Eu queria nunca ter dito isto, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 61.
14 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Lee de Forest was taken to court and then transmitted the first Morse Code.
(B) People could not profit since they had bought shares.
(C) He was charged with fraud for having sold some specific shares.
(D) The selling of shares made him buy a Radio Telephone Company.
(E) He was forbidden to sell his own company’s stocks.
(A) Lee de Forest was taken to court and then transmitted the first Morse Code.
Lee de Forest foi levado ao tribunal e depois transmitiu o primeiro código Morse.
(B) People could not profit since they had bought shares.
As pessoas não podiam lucrar porque haviam comprado ações.
(C) He was charged with fraud for having sold some specific shares.
Ele foi acusado de fraude por ter vendido algumas ações específicas.
(D) The selling of shares made him buy a Radio Telephone Company.
A venda de ações fez com que ele comprasse uma empresa de radiotransmissores.
(E) He was forbidden to sell his own company’s stocks.
Ele foi proibido de vender as ações de sua própria empresa.
15 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Even after the transmission of the Morse Code, the prosecutor did not believe in signal transmission.
(B) De forest was prosecuted for announcing something in the media which proved impossible to happen in a two years' time.
(C) By the time it was proven de Forest was right, 14 years had gone from that day in court.
(D) Over a decade after the Morse Code was transmitted, de Forest was arrested.
(E) The prosecutor thought the public was led to accept impossible hypotheses.
(A) Even after the transmission of the Morse Code, the prosecutor did not believe in signal transmission.
Mesmo após a transmissão do Código Morse, o promotor não acreditava na transmissão do sinal.
(B) De forest was prosecuted for announcing something in the media which proved impossible to happen in a two years' time.
De Forest foi processado por anunciar algo na mídia que se mostrou impossível de acontecer em dois anos.
(C) By the time it was proven de Forest was right, 14 years had gone from that day in court.
No momento em que foi provado que Forest estava certo, 14 anos haviam se passado desde aquele dia no tribunal.
(D) Over a decade after the Morse Code was transmitted, de Forest was arrested.
Mais de uma década após a transmissão do Código Morse, De Forest foi preso.
O promotor achou que o público foi levado a aceitar hipóteses impossíveis.
❑ TEXTO 4: Para as questões 16 e 17, responda de acordo com o texto a seguir:
When he was 19, in 1898, Albert Einstein was refused a place at the Munich Technical Institute because he 'showed no promise'.
Quando tinha 19 anos, em 1898, Albert Einstein viu o seu lugar no Instituto Técnico de Munique recusado porque "não demonstrava qualquer promessa".
Three years later, Einstein took Swiss citizenship and became an examiner at the Swiss Patent Office.
Três anos depois, Einstein obteve a cidadania suíça e tornou-se examinador no Instituto Suíço de Patentes.
In his spare time, he continued his study of physics and by 1905 had advanced so far that he was able to publish the first of his celebrated papers on the theory of relativity which earned worldwide fame.
Nos seus tempos livres, prosseguiu os seus estudos de física e, em 1905, tinha avançado tanto que conseguiu publicar o primeiro dos seus célebres artigos sobre a teoria da relatividade, que lhe granjeou fama mundial.
- In: I wish I’d never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 60.
16 – What's the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence:
- "In his spare time, he continued his study of physics (...)"?
(A) Temperate.
(B) Not abundant.
(C) Lean and trim.
(D) Not elaborate.
(E) Unoccupied.
(A) Temperate.
(B) Not abundant.
(C) Lean and trim.
(D) Not elaborate.
- "In his spare time, he continued his study of physics (...)"
- "No seu tempo livre, prosseguiu os seus estudos de física (...)"
17 – Choose the correct option.
(A) After his discovery, he got a job as a Swiss examiner at the Munich Technical Institute.
(B) He published the first of his papers on relativity due to his off-duty hours dedicated to his own research.
(C) He needed to be fired by a German institution at the age of 19 to finally come up with a new theory.
(D) He had been stubborn all of his life when he discovered something in 1901 that would change his life forever.
(E) The examinations he was in charge daily weakened the quality of his research. The result was fame.
(A) After his discovery, he got a job as a Swiss examiner at the Munich Technical Institute.
Após a sua descoberta, conseguiu um emprego como examinador suíço no Instituto Técnico de Munique.
(B) He published the first of his papers on relativity due to his off-duty hours dedicated to his own research.
Publicou o primeiro dos seus artigos sobre relatividade devido às suas horas de folga dedicadas à sua própria pesquisa.
(C) He needed to be fired by a German institution at the age of 19 to finally come up with a new theory.
Teve que ser demetido de uma instituição alemã aos 19 anos para finalmente apresentar uma nova teoria.
(D) He had been stubborn all of his life when he discovered something in 1901 that would change his life forever.
Fora teimoso durante toda a vida quando descobriu algo em 1901 que mudaria a sua vida para sempre.
❑ TEXTO 5: Para as questões de 18 a 20, responda de acordo com o texto a seguir.
High-tech eavesdropping on the ganges river dolphin
Espionagem de alta tecnologia sobre o golfinho do rio Ganges
Sonar signals hold clues that could save an endangered species
Sinais de sonar contêm pistas que podem salvar uma espécie em vias de extinção
The Ganges river dolphin is one of only two remaining freshwater dolphin species on Earth. But pollution, fishing, and dams threaten to wipe it out entirely.
O golfinho do rio Ganges é uma das duas únicas espécies de golfinhos de água doce que restam na Terra. Mas a poluição, a pesca e as barragens ameaçam destruí-la por completo.
So acoustical engineer Harumi Sugimatsu and her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water.
Assim, a engenheira acústica Harumi Sugimatsu e a sua equipa implementaram um sistema experimental de monitorização do sonar logo abaixo da superfície da água turva.
The hope is to track the dolphins by the high-frequency clicks they use to navigate and hunt.
A esperança é rastrear os golfinhos pelos cliques de alta frequência que eles usam para navegar e caçar.
By eavesdropping on their underwater lives, Sugimatsu believes she can gather data about their behavior and geographical range—data that conservationists can use in their struggle to keep the species from going extinct.
Ao espiar as suas vidas subaquáticas, Sugimatsu acredita que pode reunir dados sobre o seu comportamento e distribuição geográfica — dados que os conservacionistas podem utilizar na sua luta para impedir a extinção da espécie.
- IEEE Spectrum. High-tech eavesdropping on the ganges river dolphin. In: IEEE Spectrum, 2016. Disponível em:<http://spectrum.ieee.org/video/green-tech/conservation/hightecheavesdropping-on-the-ganges-river-dolphin>. Acesso em: 15/06/2016.
18 – What's the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence:
- “(…) her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water” ?
(A) Darkened and dusky.
(B) Shining and clear.
(C) Blighted and hazardous.
(D) Deep and blemished.
(E) Slipshod and littered.
(A) Darkened and dusky. Escurecida e turva.
(B) Shining and clear. Brilhante e clara.
(C) Blighted and hazardous. Arruinada e perigosa.
(D) Deep and blemished. Profunda e manchada.
19 – Choose the correct option.
(A) Two remaining factors might make the Ganges river dolphins go extinct.
(B) Dolphins were completely removed from dams.
(C) The sonar monitoring system floats on the river water.
(D) Information collected through the sonar might help save the dolphins.
(E) High-frequency clicks used to hunt hide the presence of the animals.
(A) Two remaining factors might make the Ganges river dolphins go extinct.
Dois fatores restantes podem levar à extinção dos golfinhos do rio Ganges.
(B) Dolphins were completely removed from dams.
Os golfinhos foram completamente removidos das barragens.
(C) The sonar monitoring system floats on the river water.
O sistema de monitorização do sonar flutua na água do rio.
(D) Information collected through the sonar might help save the dolphins.
20 – Why is the word eavesdrop used?
(A) Because researches will be able to keep the species living in the Ganges.
(B) Because scientists and dolphins can track each other through the murky water.
(C) Because dolphins can communicate and indicate the presence of scientists.
(D) Because researchers need to deal with obstacles.
(E) Because dolphins seem unaware of the interception of communication.
Why is the word eavesdrop used?
Por que razão é utilizada a palavra EAVESDROP?
(A) Because researches will be able to keep the species living in the Ganges.
Porque as pesquisas poderão manter as espécies vivas no Ganges.
(B) Because scientists and dolphins can track each other through the murky water.
Porque os cientistas e os golfinhos conseguem rastrear-se um ao outro através da água turva.
(C) Because dolphins can communicate and indicate the presence of scientists.
Porque os golfinhos conseguem comunicar e indicar a presença de cientistas.
(D) Because researchers need to deal with obstacles.
Porque os pesquisadores têm que lidar com obstáculos.
>> EAVESDROP - escutar (atrás da porta), bisbilhotar.[https://dictionary.cambridge.org]
• TERMOS DESTACADOS: Nas questões 21 a 25, encontram-se em destaque cinco termos ou expressões. assinale a alternativa correspondente ao termo cujo emprego está INCORRETO:
21 – The rolling robot BB-8 captivated moviegoers as it helped save the day in the 2016 film "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" — though even the most die-hard fan would admit that we aren't likely to see a real-world robot quite like that in the near future. However, there's another spherical, programmable, rolling robot currently in development that's capable of making important work to engage children with special needs, particularly children on the autism.
(A) as
(B) die-hard
(C) quite
(D) currently
(E) making
(A) as
(B) die-hard
(C) quite
(D) currently
>> Uso incorreto da expressão "making important work" no trecho "making important work" (fazer um trabalho importante).
>> Para "realizar trabalho" usamos a collocation "do work"(fazer um trabalho, realizar um trabalho).
- However, there's another spherical, programmable, rolling robot currently in development that's capable of doing important work to engage children with special needs, particularly children on the autism.
- No entanto, existe um outro robô esférico, programável e rolante atualmente em desenvolvimento, capaz de realizar um trabalho importante para envolver crianças com necessidades especiais, especialmente crianças autistas.
22 – Described by its designers as "a robotic companion," the roly-poly Leka robot is shaped like a ball, has an enduring "face" that changes expressions, and uses sound, light and colors to interact with users through customizable games that improve cognitive and motor skills. Caregivers and educators can program the toy to guide children with developmental disabilities through a range of activities, helping them to improve communication and learn to connect with their environment and with others around them.
(A) roly-poly
(B) enduring
(C) through
(D) range
(E) others
(A) roly-poly
(B) enduring
(C) through
(D) range
- "[...] Described by its designers as "a robotic companion," the roly-poly Leka robot is shaped like a ball, has an
enduring"face" that changes expressions,". - Uso inadequado contextualmente do adjetivo "enduring"(duradouro, durável, longevo).
- No contexto, o adjetivo "endearing"(cativante, adorável) se encaixa perfeitamente para qualificar o rosto do robô.
- "... an endearing face..."(um rosto cativante)
- "Enduring"(enDjúrên) e "Endearing"(enDjíurên), uma dupla de palavras palavras que apresentam escrita muito parecida, mas significados bem diferentes.
23 – A rare genome has been identified in an ancient body pulled from a sarcophagus on a site near ancient Carthage, in a discovery which could throw new light on the history of human movement. The DNA of the 2,500-year-old remains of the ‘Young Man of Byrsa’, discovered in 1994 and believed to had been that of a young male Phoenician, was sequenced by a team of scientists. They found it contained an extremely rare type of genome sequence, known as U5b2c1, which is almost unknown among modern populations. The research has now been published in the scientific journal Plos One.
(A) has been identified
(B) which
(C) to had been
(D) found
(E) among
(A) has been identified
(B) which
(C) to had been
(D) found
- "[...] 'Young Man of Byrsa', discovered in 1994 and believed to had been that of a young male Phoenician,".
- Erro estrutural na expressão verbal "to had been".
- Em inglês quando se quer dizer "ACREDITA-SE QUE...", poderemos utilizar as seguintes expressões:
- "... is said to have been that..." ou
- "... is believed to have been that..."
24 – Here’s an increasingly common scenario: You’re a business or IT leader, and you learn - quite possible from sources outside your company - that cyberattackers have compromised your organization’s systems. You don’t know yet how serious a breach you’re facing, but it’s clearly time to activate your crisis-communication plan.
(A) possible
(B) compromised
(C) organization’s
(D) know
(E) breach
(A) possible
(B) compromised
(C) organization’s
(D) know
- "[...] and you learn - quite possible from sources outside your company - that...".
- Erro de classe gramatical, em vez do uso do advérbio "possibly" (possivelmente) para modificar o verbo "learn", foi utilizado o adjetivo "possible" (possível).
- "[...] and you learn - quite possibly from sources outside your company - that...".
- e você aprende - muito possivelmente de fontes externas à sua empresa - que ....
25 – Technologies like driverless cars and smart heating systems could end up making cities dysfunctional according to Maarten Hajer, chief curator of the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam 2016. Speaking at an opening event for the biennale, Hajer called for architects and designers to stop to treat the advent of smart technologies as inevitable, and to question whether they will solve any problems at all.
(A) driverless
(B) Speaking
(C) called for
(D) to treat
(E) question
(A) driverless
(B) Speaking
(C) called for
(D) to treat
(E) question
>> Trecho utilizado:
- "[...] Hajer called for architects and designers to stop to treat the advent of smart technologies as inevitable,...".
- Hajer pediu que arquitetos e designers parassem para tratar o advento de tecnologias inteligentes como inevitável,...)
- Erro de FORMA VERBAL, em vez do uso do verbo TREAT no gerúndio "treating", foi utilizado a forma infinitiva "to treat".
- Mas por que neste caso temos que usar o gerúndio?
- Por causa do contexto: Hajer pediu que ... parassem de tratar o advento como inevitável.
Perceba aqui um tópico relevante chamado de COMBINAÇÕES DE VERBOS COM DIFERENÇA NO SIGNIFICADO
- STOP + Verbo(no gerúndio): PARAR DE VEZ (Não fazer mais).
- STOP + Verbo(no infinitivo): PARAR PARA FAZER, COMEÇAR OUTRA AÇÃO (Interromper um processo).
- "STOP treating something" significa "PARAR DE tratar algo".
- "STOP to treat something" significa "PARAR PARA tratar algo".
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