•
PROCESSO SELETIVO DE ADMISSÃO ÀS ESCOLAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE
• 2015
• PROVA
- 20 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
• TEXTO
Five stranded snorkellers rescued from tiny island off Australia after their huge SOS message was spotted by helicopter.
Cinco mergulhadores encalhados foram resgatados de uma pequena ilha ao largo da Austrália depois de a sua enorme mensagem de SOS ter sido detectada por um helicóptero.
Five snorkellers stranded on a tiny island off the east coast of Australia have been rescued after scrawling a giant SOS message into a nearby sandbank.
Cinco mergulhadores encalhados numa pequena ilha ao largo da costa leste da Austrália foram resgatados depois de terem rabiscado uma mensagem SOS gigante num banco de areia próximo.
The group had been stuck out at sea for more than nine hours after their boat's anchor failed and it drifted away.
O grupo ficou preso no mar durante mais de nove horas, depois de a âncora do barco ter falhado e este ter ficado à deriva.
They had been swimming around a remote sandbar near Wigton Island, Queensland, when the vessel started shifting - with their mobile phones, clothes, water and sunscreen all still on board – and it had moved beyond reach before they had time to react.
Estavam nadando à volta de um banco de areia remoto perto da ilha de Wigton, em Queensland, quando a embarcação começou a deslocar-se - com os telemóveis, a roupa, a água e o protetor solar ainda a bordo - e ficou fora de alcance antes de terem tempo de reagir.
Speaking to the Courier-Mail about the ordeal yesterday, Lyn Forbes-Smith described how she, a female friend and three male friends were facing the prospect of a long, cold night surrounded by ocean when they finally spotted an approaching rescue helicopter.
Falando ontem ao Courier-Mail sobre a provação, Lyn Forbes-Smith descreveu como ela, uma amiga e três amigos estavam a enfrentar a perspetiva de uma noite longa e fria rodeados pelo oceano quando finalmente avistaram um helicóptero de salvamento que se aproximava.
"We had sort of made plans about what we'd do on the rock for the evening," she said.
"Tínhamos feito planos sobre o que iríamos fazer no rochedo durante a noite", disse ela.
"We had reef walkers on thankfully, but we had no food, water, cream, no hats, not much at all. We just looked for the highest ground, we looked for rocks where five of us could huddle together because we didn’t really want to separate, and we wanted to be out of the wind as best as possible."
"Felizmente, tínhamos camas de recife, mas não tínhamos comida, água, cremes, chapéus, nada de especial. Procurámos apenas o terreno mais alto, procuramos rochas onde cinco de nós pudéssemos amontoar-nos porque não queríamos separar-nos e queríamos estar o mais longe possível do vento."
Ms Forbes-Smith explained that they were concerned the sandbar – and their message – would go under with the tide, but that they were “reasonably confident” someone would come looking when friends realised they had not returned.
A Sra. Forbes-Smith explicou que estavam preocupados com o facto de o banco de areia - e a sua mensagem - se afundar com a maré, mas que estavam "razoavelmente confiantes" de que alguém viria procurar quando os amigos se apercebessem de que não tinham regressado.
The group had set off from Keswick Island towards Wigton Island at around 8am for the snorkelling trip, and it was around 5pm when they first saw signs of help approaching.
O grupo tinha partido da ilha de Keswick em direção à ilha de Wigton por volta das 8h00 para a viagem de mergulho e foi por volta das 17h00 que viram pela primeira vez sinais de ajuda aproximando-se.
Another member of the group, Craig Gilbert, told ABC News of their joy at spotting an RACQ rescue helicopter.
Outro membro do grupo, Craig Gilbert, contou à ABC News a sua alegria ao avistar um helicóptero de salvamento da RACQ.
"We saw the helicopter and we thought, 'Oh, you beauty' - and then it disappeared and we thought, 'Oh no - we better look out for our beds for the night' - then it came back probably 20 minutes later,” he said.
"Vimos o helicóptero e pensamos: 'Oh, beleza' - e depois desapareceu e pensamos: 'Oh não - é melhor procurarmos as nossas camas para passar a noite' - e depois voltou provavelmente 20 minutos depois", disse.
Rescue helicopter crew member Damien Kross said the five were treated for sunburn and dehydration, but were otherwise “fine”.
Damien Kross, membro da tripulação do helicóptero de resgate, disse que os cinco foram tratados por queimaduras solares e desidratação, mas que estavam "bem".
"They were a little bit dehydrated but we winched them to safety and brought them back here [to Mackay on the mainland] for just to have a quick medical attention and they were all fine."
"Eles estavam um pouco desidratados, mas içámo-los para um local seguro e trouxemo-los para aqui [para Mackay, no continente] para receberem uma rápida assistência médica e ficaram todos bem."
- (Adapted from The Independent/Friday 11 July 2014)
01 – What is the text mainly about?
(A) Five snorkellers who were overboard in the vicinity of the east coast of Australia.
(B) The retrieval of five snorkellers bound for Wigton Island.
(C) A rescue chopper near Queensland.
(D) Five snorkellers who were hoisted by a windlass.
(E) Castaways who were in mourning.
(B) The retrieval of five snorkellers bound for Wigton Island.
(C) A rescue chopper near Queensland.
(D) Five snorkellers who were hoisted by a windlass.
(E) Castaways who were in mourning.
- Gabarito B
What is the text mainly about?
Sobre o que trata principalmente o texto?
(A) Five snorkellers who were overboard in the vicinity of the east coast of Australia.
>>INCORRETA: Cinco mergulhadores que estavam ao mar nas proximidades da costa leste da Austrália.
(B) The retrieval of five snorkellers bound for Wigton Island.
(B) The retrieval of five snorkellers bound for Wigton Island.
>>CORRETA: O resgate de cinco mergulhadores com destino à Ilha Wigton.
- […] Five stranded snorkellers rescued from tiny island off Australia after their huge SOS message was spotted by helicopter."
- Cinco mergulhadores encalhados resgatados de uma pequena ilha na Austrália depois que sua mensagem SOS gigante foi detectada por um helicóptero.
- STRANDED /ˈstræn.dɪd/ (preso, abandonado, encalhado) - unable to leave somewhere because of a problem such as not having any transport or money.
- If the tide comes in, we'll be stranded on these rocks.
- Se a maré subir, ficaremos presos nestas rochas.
- RETRIEVALˈ/rɪˈtrivəl/ (resgate)
- The retrieval of bodies from the wreckage.
- O resgate de corpos dos destroços.
- SNORKELLER /ˈsnɔːkələ / (mergulhador) = uma pessoa que usa snorkel ou pratica mergulho com snorkel.(www.collinsdictionary.com)
- A world-class snorkeller,
- Uma mergulhadora de classe mundial
>>INCORRETA: Um helicóptero de resgate perto de Queensland.
(D) Five snorkellers who were hoisted by a windlass.
(D) Five snorkellers who were hoisted by a windlass.
>>INCORRETA: Cinco mergulhadores que foram içados por um molinete.
- TO HOISTˈ/hɔɪst/(levantar, içar) - levantar algo pesado, às vezes usando cordas ou uma máquina.
- As night falls, a crane hoists a black car out of the lake. (www.collinsdictionary.com)
- Ao cair da noite, um guindaste iça um carro preto para fora do lago.
>>INCORRETA: Náufragos que estavam de luto.
- CASTAWAYˈ/ˈkæs.tə.weɪ/ (levantar, içar) - uma pessoa que escapou de um navio que afundou.
- From there they organized a mission to retrieve the other two castaways. (www.collinsdictionary.com)
- A partir daí eles organizaram uma missão para resgatar os outros dois náufragos.
02 – In:
- "(...) after scrawling a giant SOS message into a nearby sandbank (...)" (line 2-4),
the underlined word is closest in meaning to:
(A) reef
(B) debris
(C) shoal
(D) derelict
(E) seabed
(C) shoal
(D) derelict
(E) seabed
- Gabarito C
In: "(...) after scrawling a giant SOS message into a nearby sandbank (...)" (line 2-4), the underlined word is closest in meaning to:
Em: "(...) depois de rabiscar uma mensagem SOS gigante em um banco de areia próximo (...)" (linha 2-4), a palavra sublinhada tem o significado mais próximo de:
(A) reef /riːf/ recife
- a coral reef (um recife de coral)
- a dangerous offshore reef (um recife perigoso na costa)
- DEBRIS (Uncountable Noun) = broken or torn pieces of something larger. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
- Debris from the aircraft. (Destroços da aeronave)
(C) shoal /ʃoʊl/ baixio, banco de areia.
- SHOAL (noun) = a raised area of sand or rocks under the surface of the water. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
- The boat grounded on a shoal.
- O barco encalhou em um banco de areia.
- DERELICT (adjective) = (of land or buildings) unused and not in good condition. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
- The theatre has been left to lie derelict.
- O teatro foi abandonado.
- SEABED (noun) = (of land or buildings) unused and not in good condition. (dictionary.cambridge.org)
- The ship has been lying on the seabed for more than 50 years.
- O navio está no fundo do mar há mais de 50 anos.
>> SUMMARY CHART:
03 – In :
- "(...) Speaking to the Courier-Mail about the ordeal yesterday (...)" (line 14-15),
the word in bold means:
(A) a risible story
(B) a trying experience
(C) a petty detail
(D) a remarkable situation
(E) a fuzzy plan of action
(C) a petty detail
(D) a remarkable situation
(E) a fuzzy plan of action
- Gabarito B
In : "(...) Speaking to the Courier-Mail about the ordeal yesterday (...)" (line 14-15), the word in bold means:
Em: "(...) Falando ao Courier-Mail sobre o calvário de ontem (...)" (linha 14-15), a palavra em negrito significa:
(A) a risible story ma história risível
(B) a trying experience uma experiência difícil
- TRYING (adjective) → extremamente irritante, difícil. (Collins Dictionary)
- a trying day (um dia difícil)
- a trying experience (uma experiência difícil).
(D) a remarkable situation uma situação notável
(E) a fuzzy plan of action um plano de ação confuso
04 – Choose the sequence that correctly completes the sentences below.
- 1 - The UK ____ less than 2% of its gas from Russia.
- 2 - Several agreements ____to try to reduce water pollution.
- 3 - Some political measures ____ for many years.
- 4 - You should take a coat and an umbrella. I heard the weather _____later.
- 5 - Thousands of people ____ every year in storms and hurricanes.
- 6 - Climate change ____ the weather all over the world.
(A) gets – have been made – won't be understood - will change – are killed – is affecting
(B) is got – have being made – will understand - will be changed – kill – is being affected
(C) gets - is made – won't be understood – is being changed - are being killed – was affected
(D) is got - are made – will understand – will change – is killed – affects
(E) has been getting – has been made – won't be understood – will change – are killed – is affected
(C) gets - is made – won't be understood – is being changed - are being killed – was affected
(D) is got - are made – will understand – will change – is killed – affects
(E) has been getting – has been made – won't be understood – will change – are killed – is affected
- Gabarito A
1 - The UK gets less than 2% of its gas from Russia.
- Present Simple → GETS.
2 - Several agreements have been made to try to reduce water pollution.
- Present Perfect in Passive Voice → HAVE BEEN MADE.
3 - Some political measures won't be understood for many years.
- Future in Passive Voice → WON'T BE UNDERSTOOD.
4 - You should take a coat and an umbrella. I heard the weather will change later.
- Future Simple → WILL CHANGE.
5 - Thousands of people are killed every year in storms and hurricanes.
- Present in Passive Voice → ARE KILLED.
6 - Climate change is affecting the weather all over the world.
- Present Continuous → IS AFFECTING.
(A) gets – have been made – won't be understood - will change – are killed – is affecting
(B) is got – have being made – will understand - will be changed – kill – is being affected
(C) gets - is made – won't be understood – is being changed - are being killed – was affected
(D) is got - are made – will understand – will change – is killed – affects
(E) has been getting – has been made – won't be understood – will change – are killed – is affected
(C) gets - is made – won't be understood – is being changed - are being killed – was affected
(D) is got - are made – will understand – will change – is killed – affects
(E) has been getting – has been made – won't be understood – will change – are killed – is affected
05 – Choose the word that correctly completes the sentence.
- “A ______ person has 'common sense', and does not make stupid decisions.”
(A) bored
(B) mischievous
(C) clumsy
(D) jealous
(E) sensible
(C) clumsy
(D) jealous
(E) sensible
- Gabarito E
- “A sensible person has 'common sense', and does not make stupid decisions.”
- Uma pessoa sensata tem “bom senso” e não toma decisões estúpidas.
(A) bored aborrecida
(B) mischievous traquina
(C) clumsy desajeitada
(D) jealous ciumenta
(E) sensible sensata
(C) clumsy desajeitada
(D) jealous ciumenta
(E) sensible sensata
06 – Which sentence is correct?
(A) The news today are very bad.
(B) The aircraft are being refuelled.
(C) The staff is on strike.
(D) Too many mathematics are usually taught in schools.
(E) He picked up the dice and threw them again.
(C) The staff is on strike.
(D) Too many mathematics are usually taught in schools.
(E) He picked up the dice and threw them again.
- Gabarito B
(A) The news today are very bad.
(B) The aircraft are being refuelled.
(C) The staff is on strike.
(D) Too many mathematics are usually taught in schools.
(E) He picked up the dice and threw them again.
(C) The staff is on strike.
(D) Too many mathematics are usually taught in schools.
(E) He picked up the dice and threw them again.
07 – Choose the correct alternative.
(A) He explained it all carefully, but I was not the wiser.
(B) My grandmother can run twice faster than you.
(C) I spent more money than it was sensible yesterday.
(D) There were more people at the meeting than we had expected them.
(E) She was the first woman to climb that mountain solo.
(C) I spent more money than it was sensible yesterday.
(D) There were more people at the meeting than we had expected them.
(E) She was the first woman to climb that mountain solo.
- Gabarito X (ANULADA)
08 – Which sequence completes the text below?
"I cannot understand why the Spring is so late _______ coming," said the Selfish Giant, as he sat _______ the window and looked ________ ______ this cold white garden; "I hope there will be a change ______ the weather."
(B) too much – enough – too many – too much – too much
(C) enough – enough – too much - enough – too many
(D) too many – too much –enough – too much – enough
(E) too much – too many – enough – enough – enough
(A) further - best – worst – easier – oldest
(B) farther - better – worse – easiest - older
(C) further - better – worse – easier – elder
(D) farther – best – worse – easier – oldest
(E) farthest – better – worst – easiest – eldest(A) can- have to – can't - ought to – shouldn't
- (Adapted from The Selfish Giant by Oscar Wilde)
( a ) in – at – out – in – of
( b ) in – on – at – out – in
( c ) for – by – out – on – of
( d ) in – at – out – at – in
( e ) for – by – at – out – in
- Gabarito X (ANULADA)
09 – Complete the sentences with too many, too much or enough. Then, choose the correct alternative.
- 1 - I've been to rather _____ parties recently.
- 2 - You're spending far _____ time on your computer.
- 3 - Stop. You're asking me _____ questions.
- 4 - Help! I've got _____ luggage.
- 5 – Oh, sorry, I didn't call you. I didn't have _____ time.
(A) too many – too much – too many– too much - enough
(B) too much – enough – too many – too much – too much
(C) enough – enough – too much - enough – too many
(D) too many – too much – enough – too much – enough
(E) too much – too many – enough – enough – enough
(C) enough – enough – too much - enough – too many
(D) too many – too much – enough – too much – enough
(E) too much – too many – enough – enough – enough
- Gabarito A
(A) too many – too much – too many– too much - enough
(D) too many – too much –
- 1 - I've been to rather too many parties recently.
- 2 - You're spending far too much time on your computer.
- 3 - Stop. You're asking me too many questions.
- 4 - Help! I've got too much luggage.
- 5 – Oh, sorry, I didn't call you. I didn't have enough time.
10 – Choose the alternative with the verbs that correctly complete the sentences below.
- 1 - If I were you, I _____ him the truth.
- 2 - If I had been in your place, I _____ this.
- 3 - If I knew her name, I ____ you.
- 4 - If I hadn’t saved money, I _____ this sports car now.
- 5 - If it rains next Sunday, I _____ home.
(A) tell - wouldn't say - will tell - will buy - will stay
(B) told - would say - would tell - would buy - would have stayed
(C) would tell - wouldn't have said - should tell - wouldn’t buy - will stay
(D) will tell - would have said - had told - buy - would stay
(E) would have told - wouldn't have said - should tell – am buying - will stay
(C) would tell - wouldn't have said - should tell - wouldn’t buy - will stay
(D) will tell - would have said - had told - buy - would stay
(E) would have told - wouldn't have said - should tell – am buying - will stay
- Gabarito C
(A) tell - wouldn't say - will tell - will buy - will stay
(B) told - would say - would tell - would buy - would have stayed
(C) would tell - wouldn't have said - should tell - wouldn’t buy - will stay
(D) will tell - would have said - had told - buy - would stay
(E) would have told - wouldn't have said - should tell – am buying - will stay
(C) would tell - wouldn't have said - should tell - wouldn’t buy - will stay
(D) will tell - would have said - had told - buy - would stay
(E) would have told - wouldn't have said - should tell – am buying - will stay
- 1 - If I were you, I _____ him the truth.
- 2 - If I had been in your place, I _____ this.
- 3 - If I knew her name, I ____ you.
- 4 - If I hadn’t saved money, I _____ this sports car now.
- 5 - If it rains next Sunday, I _____ home.
11 – Which sentence is grammatically correct?
( a ) I think I would enjoy a city life.
( b ) You’ve made a very good progress.
( c ) We are having a terrible weather.
( d ) A child needs plenty of love.
( e ) What a nonsense!
- Gabarito X (ANULADA)
Choose the alternative where the pronoun can correctly be omitted.
(A) Do Exercise 1, which is very easy.
(B) Have you read the letter which I sent you?
(C) She lives in a house which was built by her father.
(D) The man who gave me the book was the librarian.
(E) These walls are all that remain of the city.
(C) She lives in a house which was built by her father.
(D) The man who gave me the book was the librarian.
(E) These walls are all that remain of the city.
- Gabarito B
(A) Do Exercise 1, which is very easy.
(B) Have you read the letter which I sent you?
(C) She lives in a house which was built by her father.
(D) The man who gave me t
(C) She lives in a house which was built by her father.
(D) The man who gave me t
he book was the librarian.
(E) These walls are all that remain of the city.
(E) These walls are all that remain of the city.
13 – Choose the alternative that correctly shows the comparative form of the adjectives below.
"far - good – bad – easy - old"
(A) further - best – worst – easier – oldest
(B) farther - better – worse – easiest - older
(C) further - better – worse – easier – elder
(D) farther – best – worse – easier – oldest
(E) farthest – better – worst – easiest – eldest
- Gabarito C
A) further - best – worst – easier – oldest
(B) farther - better – worse – easiest - older
(C) further - better – worse – easier – elder
(D) farther – best – worse – easier – oldest
(C) further - better – worse – easier – elder
(D) farther – best – worse – easier – oldest
(E) farthest – better – worst – easiest – eldest
➭ FAR (Base Form) – Further (Comparative Form) ou Farther (Comparative Form).
➭ GOOD (Base Form) – Better (Comparative Form).
➭ BAD (Base Form) – Worse (Comparative Form).
➭ EASY (Base Form) – Easier (Comparative Form).
➭ OLD (Base Form) – Older (Comparative Form) ou Elder (Comparative Form).
14 – Read an extract of a news report and decide which verb correctly completes the sentences. Then, choose the correct alternative.
- “Drivers on a Chinese motorway in Sichuan had to stop suddenly because an ostrich _____ along the road. It _____ to belong to a Mr Liu, or Meishan, who _____ that the ostrich ______ away when he ______ it.”
(A) ran - was turning out - was explaining - ran - fed
(B) was running - turned out - explained - was running - was feeding
(C) was running - turned out - explained - ran - was feeding
(D) ran - turned out - was explaining - was running - was feeding
(E) ran - was turning out - explained - was running - fed
(C) was running - turned out - explained - ran - was feeding
(D) ran - turned out - was explaining - was running - was feeding
(E) ran - was turning out - explained - was running - fed
- Gabarito C
(A) ran - was turning out - was explaining - ran - fed
(B) was running - turned out - explained - was running - was feeding
(C) was running - turned out - explained - ran - was feeding
(D) ran - turned out - was explaining - was running - was feeding
(E) ran - was turning out - explained - was running - fed
(C) was running - turned out - explained - ran - was feeding
(D) ran - turned out - was explaining - was running - was feeding
(E) ran - was turning out - explained - was running - fed
- “Drivers on a Chinese motorway in Sichuan had to stop suddenly because an ostrich was running along the road. It turned out to belong to a Mr Liu, or Meishan, who explained that the ostrich ran away when he was feeding it.”
15 – Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentences below.
- 1 - She ____ be married, she isn't old enough.
- 2 - Listen, children, you ____ finish the essay now if you don't want to.
- 3 - The neighbors ______ be at home, I saw the light on in their bedroom.
- 4 - You ___ take a taxi. There's a good bus service.
- 5 - Look at that sign. You _____ park here.
(A) can- have to – can't - ought to – shouldn't
(B) can't – should – don't have to – shouldn't – mustn't
(C) isn't allowed to – ought to – don't have to – should – don't have to
(D) can't – don't have to – must – don't have to – aren't allowed to
(E) must – can't – have to – mustn't – don't have to
(C) isn't allowed to – ought to – don't have to – should – don't have to
(D) can't – don't have to – must – don't have to – aren't allowed to
(E) must – can't – have to – mustn't – don't have to
- Gabarito D
(B) can't – should – don't have to – shouldn't – mustn't
(C) isn't allowed to – ought to – don't have to – should – don't have to
(D) can't – don't have to – must – don't have to – aren't allowed to
(E) must – can't – have to – mustn't – don't have to
(D) can't – don't have to – must – don't have to – aren't allowed to
- 1 - She can't be married, she isn't old enough.
- 2 - Listen, children, you don't have to finish the essay now if you don't want to.
- 3 - The neighbors must be at home, I saw the light on in their bedroom.
- 4 - You don't have to take a taxi. There's a good bus service.
- 5 - Look at that sign. You aren't allowed to park here.
16 – Which verb form can complete the sentence correctly?
- “If we _______________ by lunchtime, we had better hurry.”
(A) get there
(B) will get there
(C) would get there
(D) are to get there
(E) could get there
- Gabarito D
(A) get there
(B) will get there
(C) would get there
(D) are to get there
(E) could get there
- “If we _______________ by lunchtime, we had better hurry.”
- 1- Susan ___________ down and closed her eyes.
- 2- The boss ____________ the papers on the table.
- 3- Don’t _____________ in bed all day. Get up and do some work.
- 4- The lake ___________ beyond this hill.
(A) laid – laid – lay – lies
(B) laid – lay – lay – lies
(C) lay – laid – lie – lies
(D) laid – lay – lie – lays
(E) lay – lay – lie – lays
- Gabarito X (ANULADA)
1- Susan lay down and closed her eyes.
- lay ("to lie" followed by a preposition: down)
- past (because of verb "closed")
2- The boss laid the papers on the table.
- laid (direct object: the papers)
- Remember that any tense of the transitive verb (to lay) must take a direct object.
3- Don’t lie in bed all day. Get up and do some work.
- lay ("to lie" followed by a preposition phrase: in bed)
- base form (imperative form)
4- The lake lies beyond this hill.
- lies ("to lie" followed by a preposition phrase: beyond this hill)
- present simple and subject-verb agreement.
18 – Which conjunction correctly completes the sentence?
- “_________________ he left school at 16, he still managed to become prime minister.”
( a ) Because
( b ) Even though
( c ) Provided that
( d ) So
( e ) Thus
- Gabarito B
“_________________ he left school at 16, he still managed to become prime minister.”
( a ) Because
( b ) Even though
( c ) Provided that
( d ) So
( e ) Thus
19 – Which sentence IS NOT correct?
( a ) She went and got him from the station.
( b ) I am going to try and eat something.
( c ) Be sure and ask Uncle Sam about the vegetables.
( d ) She tried and ate something, but she couldn’t manage.
( e ) Hurry up and open the door.
- Gabarito X (ANULADA)
20 – Choose the verb that DOES NOT complete the sentence correctly.
- “The committee has _________ a meeting to discuss the president's death.”
(A) arranged
(B) programmed
(C) scheduled
(D) organized
(E) called
(B) programmed
(C) scheduled
(D) organized
(E) called
- Gabarito B
Choose the verb that DOES NOT complete the sentence correctly.
- “The committee has _________ a meeting to discuss the president's death.”
(A) arranged
(B) programmed
(C) scheduled
(D) organized
(E) called
(B) programmed
(C) scheduled
(D) organized
(E) called
