AFA 2016

 

•    2016  

Prova de Inglês    

Gabarito Final

•    PROVA  

• 16 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.

❑ TEXTO 1:

Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRIENDS AND TYPES OF FRIENDSHIP

Everyone has at least one best friend, some maybe even more. There are also those people who are just friends and also arch-enemies. People may think that just because they are your friends it means that they are your best friend. The thing is, even though they are your friend, the relationship between a best friend and a friend is different. Either way regardless of archenemies, friends or best friends, there are not many ways to compare any of these different types of friends, but you can easily contrast them from one another.

       
Arch-enemies often know more about each other than two friends. In a comparison of personal relationships, friendship is considered to be closer than association, although a wide range of degrees of intimacy exists in friendships, arch-enemies, and associations. Friendship and association can be thought of as spanning across the same continuum. The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology. Even animals have familiars! Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed, among which are social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles. In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of 'friend'.
       
These friendships, however, make up in intensity what they lack in number. Friends are entitled to call each other by their first names alone, and to use diminutives. A customary example of polite behavior is addressing "acquaintances" by full first name plus their patronymic. These could include relationships which elsewhere would be qualified as real friendships, such as workplace relationships of long standing, or neighbors with whom one shares an occasional meal or a social drink with.
        
Also in the Middle East and Central Asia, male friendships, while less restricted than in Russia, tend to be reserved and respectable in nature. They may use nicknames and diminutive forms of their first names. In countries like India, it is believed in some parts that friendship is a form of respect, not born out of fear or superiority. Friends are people who are equal in most standards, but still respect each other regardless of their attributes or shortcomings. Most of the countries previously mentioned (Russia, Asia, and even the Middle East) and even our own nation are suffering a decline in genuine friendships.
        
According to a study documented in the June 2006 issue of the Journal American Sociological Review, Americans are thought to be suffering a loss in the quality and quantity of close friendships since at least 1985. The study's results state that twenty-five percent of Americans have no close confidants, and the average total number of confidants per citizen has dropped from four to two. According to the study, Americans' dependence on family as a safety net went up from fiftyseven percent to eighty percent; Americans dependence on a partner or spouse went up from five percent to nine percent.
        
Recent studies have found a link between fewer friendships, especially in quality, and psychological and  physiological regression. In the sequence of the emotional development of the individual, friendships come after parental bonding and before the pair bonding engaged in at the approach of maturity. In the intervening period between the end of early childhood and the onset of full adulthood, friendships are often the most important relationships in the emotional life of the adolescent, and are often more intense than relationships experienced later in life.

        
Unfortunately, making friends seems to trouble many of people. Having no friends can be emotionally damaging for all ages, from young children to full grown adults. A study performed by researchers from Purdue University found that post-secondary-education friendships, college and university last longer than the friendships before it. Children with Asperger syndrome and autism usually have some difficulty forming friendships. Socially crippling conditions like these are just one way that the social world is so difficult to thrive in. This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however. With time, moderation and proper instruction, they are able to form friendships after realizing their own strengths and weaknesses.
        
There is a number of theories that attempt to explain the link, including that; Good friends encourage their friends to lead more healthy lifestyles; Good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services, when needed; Good friends enhance their friend’s coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems; and/or Good friends actually affect physiological pathways that are protective of health.

Regardless of what we think, we can clearly see that there are some ways that friends, best friends and archenemies are the same, but in the end they are clearly more different. Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives.

(Adapted from: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/philosophy/therelationship-between-friends-and-types-of-friendship-philosophyessay.php)

33 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of 'friend' "(lines 23-24)

means that

a) if you go to Russia you won't find a best friend.
b) a friendly person is a recognized authority in Russia.
c) you may have lots of close friends in Russia, but not all are trustful.
d) the status of 'friend' in Russia shows how much one is respected.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

"In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of 'friend' ""Na Rússia, normalmente concede-se a muito poucas pessoas o status de 'amigo'" (linhas 23-24)

significa que

a) if you go to Russia you won't find a best friend. se você for para a Rússia não encontrará um melhor amigo.
b) a friendly person is a recognized authority in Russia. uma pessoa amiga é uma autoridade reconhecida na Rússia.
c) you may have lots of close friends in Russia, but not all are trustful. você pode ter muitos amigos próximos na Rússia, mas nem todos são confiáveis.
d) the status of 'friend' in Russia shows how much one is respected. o status de “amigo” na Rússia mostra o quanto alguém é respeitado.

34 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option that shows the same meaning as in

"Americans have no close confidants" (line 52).

a) Americans do have not any close confidants.
b) Americans not have any close confidants.
c) Americans haven't any close confidants.
d) Americans do not have any close confidants.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

• REMEMBER: have no = don't have any.

35 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

The first paragraph

a) compares the tasks individuals have when friends.
b) states that friendship is ruled by the amount of friends.
c) makes an outline concerning the way friendship works.
d) means that you cannot tell arch-enemies apart.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

O primeiro parágrafo

a) compares the tasks individuals have when friends. compara as tarefas que os indivíduos realizam quando são amigos.
b) states that friendship is ruled by the amount of friends. afirma que a amizade é regida pela quantidade de amigos.
c) makes an outline concerning the way friendship works. faz um esboço sobre como funciona a amizade.
d) means that you cannot tell arch-enemies apart. significa que você não pode distinguir os arquiinimigos.

36 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"Socially crippling conditions" (line 78) refers to

a) college and university atmosphere.
b) Asperger and autism children.
c) post-secondary-education friendships.
d) researchers and friends.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

"Socially crippling conditions" "Condições socialmente incapacitantes"(line 78) refere-se a

a) college and university atmosphere. ambiente de faculdade e universidade.
b) Asperger and autism children. Crianças Asperger e autistas.
c) post-secondary-education friendships. amizades do ensino pós-secundário.
d) researchers and friends. pesquisadores e amigos.

37 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option that is closest in meaning to

"Unfortunately making friends seems to trouble many of people" (lines 70-71).

a) Unfortunately making friends seems to annoy many of people.
b) Unfortunately making friends seems to change many of people.
c) Unfortunately making friends seems to delight many of people.
d) Unfortunately making friends seems to comply many of people.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Marque a opção que tem o significado mais próximo de

"Unfortunately making friends seems to trouble many of people" (Infelizmente, fazer amigos parece incomodar muitas pessoas).

a) Unfortunately making friends seems to annoy many of people. Infelizmente, fazer amigos parece incomodar muitas pessoas.
b) Unfortunately making friends seems to change many of people. Infelizmente fazer amigos parece mudar muitas pessoas.
c) Unfortunately making friends seems to delight many of people. Infelizmente fazer amigos parece encantar muita gente.
d) Unfortunately making friends seems to comply many of people. Infelizmente fazer amigos parece agradar a muitas pessoas.

38 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option which shows the same meaning as in

"Americans' dependence on family" (lines 54-55).

a) The family's dependence on Americans'.
b) The Americans family dependence.
c) The Americans dependence of family's.
d) The dependence of Americans on family.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Marque a opção que mostra o mesmo significado que em

"Americans' dependence on family" (Dependência dos americanos da família).

a) The family's dependence on Americans'. A dependência da família dos americanos.
b) The Americans family dependence. A dependência familiar dos americanos
c) The Americans dependence of family's. A dependência dos americanos da família.
d) The dependence of Americans on family. A dependência dos americanos da família.

39 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

According to the last paragraph

a) every human being is the same in many ways.
b) one is able to have only friends and arch-enemies in life.
c) even tough friends are equal, they differ when together.
d) despite friendship vary, one will always have each of them.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o último parágrafo

a) every human being is the same in many ways. todo ser humano é igual em muitos aspectos.
b) one is able to have only friends and arch-enemies in life. só se pode ter amigos e arquiinimigos na vida.
c) even tough friends are equal, they differ when together. mesmo amigos difíceis são iguais, eles diferem quando estão juntos.
d) despite friendship vary, one will always have each of them. apesar da amizade variar, sempre se terá cada um deles.

40 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

According to the information in the fourth and fifth paragraphs

a) the quality of American close friendships have been decreasing since the 1980's despite its quantity.
b) American's dependence on family is not as big as their dependence on a partner or spouse.
c) real friendships have been decreasing in some countries such as Russia and Asia.
d) in Middle East and Central Asia, friends born out of respect, fear and superiority standards.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com as informações do quarto e quinto parágrafos

a) the quality of American close friendships have been decreasing since the 1980's despite its quantity. a qualidade das amizades íntimas americanas tem diminuído desde a década de 1980, apesar da sua quantidade.
b) American's dependence on family is not as big as their dependence on a partner or spouse. A dependência dos americanos da família não é tão grande quanto a dependência do companheiro ou cônjuge.
c) real friendships have been decreasing in some countries such as Russia and Asia. as amizades verdadeiras têm diminuído em alguns países como a Rússia e a Ásia.
d) in Middle East and Central Asia, friends born out of respect, fear and superiority standards. no Médio Oriente e na Ásia Central, amigos nascidos de padrões de respeito, medo e superioridade.

41 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however" (lines 80-81).

The option that replaces the highlighted expression is

(A) so.
(B) though.
(C) thus.
(D) most likely.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Question that addresses the contextual use of conjunctions.

◼ (A) so.(portanto - transmite ideia de consequência)

- so - thus - hence - therefore.

◼ (B) though.(contudo - transmite ideia de contraste.

- THOUGH  no final de sentença pode ser substituído por 'but', 'however'.
◼ (C) thus.(portanto - transmite ideia de consequência)

◼ (D) most likely.(o mais provável - transmite ideia de possibilidade ou probabilidade).

➦ VALOR SEMÂNTICO da conjunção "however" ➜ expressa ideia de 'contraste' ou seja, é usada para contrastar uma sentença que acabou de ser dita.
➦ O uso do "though" no final de frase ENFATIZA ou EXPRESSA SURPRESA na última oração.
"[...] Children with Asperger syndrome and autism usually have some difficulty forming friendships. Socially crippling conditions like these are just one way that the social world is so difficult to thrive in. This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however."
(Crianças com síndrome de Asperger e autismo geralmente têm alguma dificuldade em formar amizades. Condições socialmente incapacitantes como essas são apenas uma das maneiras pelas quais o mundo social é tão difícil de se desenvolver. Isso não significa que elas não sejam capazes de formar amizades, no entanto.)
➦PAY ATTENTION:
1) THOUGH em final de sentença pode ser substituído por HOWEVER.

2) Os 3 grupos de contraste:

• But - However - Nevertheless - Nonetheless -  Notwithstanding.

• Though - Although - Even though - While - Whereas ➜ seguido de SUJEITO+ VERBO.

• Despite(apesar de), zero sujeito e seguido de gerúndio: Despite - In spite of.

42 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Choose the best option to complete the active form of the sentence:

“The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology” (lines 17 to 19).

The fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology ________ the study of friendship.

a) Include
b) have included 
c) are including
d) have been including

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

43 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Choose the option which shows the same kind of comparison in the underlined adjective in

“friendship is considered to be closer than association” (lines 13-14).

a) Americans have no best friends.
b) While less restricted in Russia.
c) Friendships are often more intense than relationship.
d) Everyone has at least one best friend.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Escolha a opção que mostra o mesmo tipo de comparação no adjetivo sublinhado em “friendship is considered to be closer than association” (a amizade é considerada mais próxima do que a associaçã).

a) Americans have no best friends. Os americanos não têm melhores amigos.
b) While less restricted in Russia. Embora menos restrito na Rússia.
c) Friendships are often more intense than relationship. As amizades costumam ser mais intensas que os relacionamentos.
d) Everyone has at least one best friend. Todo mundo tem pelo menos um melhor amigo.

44 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives" (lines 95-96).

The option that contains a synonym for the underlined expression is

(A) nevertheless.
(B) due to.
(C) therefore.
(D) although.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Question that addresses the contextual use of conjunctions.

◼ (A) nevertheless.(contudo - transmite ideia de contraste)

◼ (B) due to.(devido a - transmite ideia de causa)

◼ (C) therefore.(portanto - transmite ideia de consequência)

◼ (D) although.(apesar de - transmite ideia de contraste)

• VALOR SEMÂNTICO da conjunção "Nonetheless"(não obstante) ➜ expressa ideia de 'contraste' ou seja, é usada para contrastar uma sentença que acabou de ser dita.

"[...] Regardless of what we think, we can clearly see that there are some ways that friends, best friends and archenemies are the same, but in the end they are clearly more different. Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives."
(Independentemente do que pensamos, podemos ver claramente que existem algumas maneiras pelas quais amigos, melhores amigos e arquiinimigos são os mesmos, mas no final eles são claramente mais diferentes. No entanto, todos nós temos todos os tipos em nossas vidas.)

➦ PAY ATTENTION(Os 3 grupos de contraste):

• But - However - Nevertheless - Nonetheless -  Notwithstanding.

• Though - Although - Even though - While - Whereas ➜ seguido de SUJEITO+ VERBO.

• Despite(apesar de), zero sujeito e seguido de gerúndio: Despite - In spite of.

45 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Choose the option that shows the sentence

“good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services” (lines 86 to 88)

in the indirect speech form.

a) The text told good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
b) The text said us that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
c) The text told that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
d) The text said that good friends encouraged their friends to seek help and access services.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Choose the option that shows the sentence

“good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services” (lines 86 to 88)

in the indirect speech form.

a) The text told good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
b) The text said us that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
c) The text told that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
d) The text said that good friends encouraged their friends to seek help and access services.

46 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

“Good friends enhance their friend's coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems” (lines 88 to 90).

The highlighted word has the same meaning as in

a) engrave.
b) entreat.
c) enlighten.
d) enlist.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

“Good friends enhance their friend's coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems” (Bons amigos melhoram as capacidades dos seus amigos para lidar com doenças e outros problemas de saúde).

A palavra destacada tem o mesmo significado que em

a) engrave. gravar.
b) entreat. suplicar.
c) enlighten. esclarecer.
d) enlist. alistar-se.

47 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

The expression “coping skills” (line 89) is closest in meaning to

a) the capability to give up something.
b) the ability to manage something.
c) the position to resent something.
d) the condition to resign from something.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

A expressão “coping skills” (habilidades de enfrentamento) tem o significado mais próximo de

a) the capability to give up something. a capacidade de desistir de algo.
b) the ability to manage something. a capacidade de gerenciar algo.
c) the position to resent something. a posição de se ressentir de algo.
d) the condition to resign from something. a condição de renunciar a algo.

48 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

In the sentence

“there is a number of theories that attempt to explain the link” (lines 84-85),

it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly in

a) when.
b) how.
c) whom.
d) which.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

ESCOLA NAVAL 2016

 

PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA - CPAEN 2016 - CONCURSO PÚBLICO DE ADMISSÃO À ESCOLA NAVAL

•    LINKS  

PROVA DE INGLÊS

GABARITO FINAL

•    LINKS  

• 30 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

•    TEXTO  

Navy looking for drone operator flying device around Washington state base

Marinha procura dispositivo voador de operador de drone na base do estado de Washington

Published February 27, 2016 - Foxnews.com

Publicado em 27 de fevereiro de 2016 - Foxnews.com

( I ) ___________

A civilian employee of Naval Submarine Base Kitsap-Bangor reported seeing the drone, spokeswoman Silvia Klatman told Military.com.

Um funcionário civil da Base Submarina Naval Kitsap-Bangor relatou ter visto o drone, disse a porta-voz Silvia Klatman ao Military.com.

According to the Navy, it is illegal to operate a drone above the base without the permission of the Navy.

Segundo a Marinha, é ilegal operar um drone acima da base sem a autorização da Marinha.

"It's our intent to support the investigation and prosecution of this reported act, and any others that may occur, in coordination with civilian law enforcement," Klatman said.

“É nossa intenção apoiar a investigação e o processo deste ato relatado, e de quaisquer outros que possam ocorrer, em coordenação com as autoridades civis”, disse Klatman.

Military.com reported that agents interviewed families who lived in houses surrounding the base.

O Military.com informou que os agentes entrevistaram famílias que moravam em casas ao redor da base.

( II ) _______ Officials said the drones were seen operating at night.

Autoridades disseram que os drones foram vistos operando à noite.

"It could be a hoax, but worst-case scenario, it could be clandestine, a foreign government, a cell," Al Starcevich, whose family's house is located between the base and Hood Canal in Washington, told the website.

“Poderia ser uma farsa, mas na pior das hipóteses, poderia ser clandestino, um governo estrangeiro, uma célula”, disse Al Starcevich, cuja casa da família está localizada entre a base e o Canal Hood, em Washington, ao site.

"The creepy thing is they're only doing it at night. (III) ________”

“O mais assustador é que eles só fazem isso à noite. (III) ________””

Starcevich told The Seattle Times that agents told him there had been repeated incidents around the base involving an alleged drone.

Starcevich disse ao The Seattle Times que os agentes lhe disseram que houve repetidos incidentes ao redor da base envolvendo um suposto drone.

Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor's airspace was designated as "prohibited" by the FAA in May 2005, at the request of the Navy.

O espaço aéreo da Base Naval Kitsap-Bangor foi designado como "proibido" pela FAA em maio de 2005, a pedido da Marinha.

(IV) ______ The prohibited area extends to the water across Hood Canal and the Navy-owned portion of Toandos Peninsula.

A área proibida se estende até as águas do Canal Hood e da porção de propriedade da Marinha da Península de Toandos.

Doug O'Donnell, chief pilot at Avian Flight Center at Bremerton National Airport, said security forces are supposed to shoot down aircraft that violate the FAA rules.

Doug O'Donnell, piloto-chefe do Avian Flight Center no Aeroporto Nacional de Bremerton, disse que as forças de segurança deveriam abater aeronaves que violassem as regras da FAA.

The Bangor base houses eight of the Navy's 14 ballistic-missile submarines, according to Military.com. Each can carry up to 24 missiles with multiple nuclear warheads.

A base de Bangor abriga oito dos 14 submarinos de mísseis balísticos da Marinha, de acordo com Military.com. Cada um pode transportar até 24 mísseis com múltiplas ogivas nucleares.

The Defense Department has held countless classified exercises to counter possible drone attacks, The Seattle Times reported.

O Departamento de Defesa realizou inúmeros exercícios confidenciais para conter possíveis ataques de drones, informou o The Seattle Times.

Last year, one exercise included a Marine sniper shooting one down from a military helicopter.

No ano passado, um exercício incluiu um atirador da Marinha abatendo um de um helicóptero militar.

http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/02/27/navy-looking-for-drone-operatorflying-device-around-washington-state-base.html

21 – By reading the text, we CANNOT state that

(A) the Navy plans to work with non-military agencies on the case.

(B) there has been more than one report on drones in that region.

(C) there has been a huge number of exercises to fight drones.

(D) the Navy controls part of Toandos Peninsula.

(E) the Defense Department has shot down a spy drone.

•   Gabarito E  

Ao ler o texto, NÃO PODEMOS afirmar que

(A) the Navy plans to work with non-military agencies on the case.

a Marinha planeja trabalhar com agências não militares no caso.

(B) there has been more than one report on drones in that region.

houve mais de um relato sobre drones naquela região.

(C) there has been a huge number of exercises to fight drones.

houve um grande número de exercícios para combater drones.

(D) the Navy controls part of Toandos Peninsula.

a Marinha controla parte da Península de Toandos.

(E) the Defense Department has shot down a spy drone.

o Departamento de Defesa abateu um drone espião.

22 – The sentences below have been removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III) and (IV).

Number them to indicate the order they must appear to complete the text correctly. Then choose the option that contains that sequence.

• (   ) They said they haven't seen anything unusual.
• (   ) No aircraft of any kind is allowed to fly over the area up 2,500 feet.
• (   ) The U.S. Navy is searching for the operator of a drone that has been seen flying near a Washington state naval base at night since Feb. 8.
• (   ) What are you going to see at night unless you have an infrared camera?

(A) (II) (IV) (I) (III)

(B) (II) (I) (III) (IV)

(C) (IV) (II) (I) (III)

(D) (IV) (II) (III) (I)

(E) (II) (III) (I) (IV)

•   Gabarito A  

As sentenças abaixo foram retiradas do texto e substituídas por (I), (II), (III) e (IV).

Numere-os para indicar a ordem em que devem aparecer para completar o texto corretamente. Em seguida, escolha a opção que contém essa sequência.

( II ) They said they haven't seen anything unusual.

Disseram que não viram nada de anormal.

( IV) No aircraft of any kind is allowed to fly over the area up 2,500 feet.

Nenhuma aeronave de qualquer espécie poderá sobrevoar a área até 2.500 pés.

( I ) The U.S. Navy is searching for the operator of a drone that has been seen flying near a Washington state naval base at night since Feb. 8.

A Marinha dos EUA está em busca do operador de um drone que foi visto voando perto de uma base naval do estado de Washington à noite desde 8 de fevereiro.

( III ) What are you going to see at night unless you have an infrared camera? 

O que você verá à noite se não tiver uma câmera infravermelha?

23 – According to the text, it is right to say that

(A) there are 14 submarines on Bangor base at house eight.

(B) the total number of missiles on Bangor base is 24.

(C) there are six submarines that are not kept on Bangor base.

(D) half of all Navy's submarines are kept on Bangor Base.

(E) there are eight houses for the Bangor base submarines.

•   Gabarito C  

De acordo com o texto, é correto dizer que

(A) there are 14 submarines on Bangor base at house eight.

há 14 submarinos na base de Bangor, na casa oito.

(B) the total number of missiles on Bangor base is 24.

o número total de mísseis na base de Bangor é 24.

(C) there are six submarines that are not kept on Bangor base.

há seis submarinos que não são mantidos na base de Bangor.

(D) half of all Navy's submarines are kept on Bangor Base.

metade de todos os submarinos da Marinha são mantidos na Base de Bangor.

(E) there are eight houses for the Bangor base submarines.

há oito casas para os submarinos da base de Bangor.

Based on the text below, answer question 04.

EFOMM 2016

•

PROCESSO SELETIVO DE ADMISSÃO ÀS ESCOLAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE

•    2016  

PROVA DE INGLÊS     

GABARITO FINAL

•    PROVA  

• 20 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

•    TEXTO  

The seven-decade journey to an expanded Panama Canal is coming to a close, despite one last obstacle

A viagem de sete décadas para a expansão do Canal do Panamá está chegando ao fim, apesar de um último obstáculo

(by David Z. Morris / April 17, 2015)

The Panama Canal is getting a major overhaul, and despite an unresolved lawsuit that has delayed the project, it's poised to transform global trade dramatically.

O Canal do Panamá está passando por uma grande reforma e, apesar de um processo judicial por resolver que atrasou o projeto, está pronto a transformar drasticamente o comércio mundial.

• "overhaul" – revisão, reforma, inspeção, recondicionamento, vistoria.
• "a major overhaul" – uma grande reforma.

The original Panama Canal remains of the most ambitious public works projects of all time.

O Canal do Panamá original continua sendo um dos projetos de obras públicas mais ambiciosos de todos os tempos.

• "remains" – continua sendo, se mantém .
• "public works projects" – projetos de obras públicas.
• "of all time" – de todos os tempos, da história, em todos os tempos.

But it wasn't quite ambitious enough: within a few years of its opening in 1914, it was too small for many military and cargo ships.

Porém não era suficientemente ambicioso: poucos anos após a sua abertura em 1914, era demasiado pequeno para muitos navios militares e de carga. 

The U.S. authorities then in control began excavation for larger locks in 1939 — but that work came to a standstill as America entered World War II, and no effective progress was made on the project for the remainder of the 20th century.

Em 1939, as autoridades norte-americanas que então controlavam o projeto iniciaram a escavação de eclusas maiores, mas os trabalhos foram interrompidos com a entrada dos Estados Unidos na Segunda Guerra Mundial e o projeto não progrediu durante o restante do século XX.

• "locks" – eclusas.
• Eclusas são obras de engenharia hidráulica que permitem que embarcações subam ou desçam rios, mares ou oceanos em locais com desníveis. Elas funcionam como elevadores para navios, com duas comportas que separam os dois níveis do curso d'água.
• "for the remainder of" – pelo o restante de, durante o restante de.
• "the 20th century" – o século XX.

That changed swiftly when the canal transitioned to full Panamanian control in 1999.

Esta situação mudou rapidamente quando o canal passou a ser totalmente controlado pelo Panamá em 1999.

By 2006, a detailed expansion plan had been drafted and approved by Panamanian voters in a 77% landslide.

Em 2006, foi elaborado um plano de expansão pormenorizado, que foi aprovado pelos eleitores panamianos com uma vitória esmagadora de 77%.

• "in a 77% landslide" (idiom) – com uma vitória esmagadora de 77%.

With a total budget of $5.2 billion, completion was initially projected for 2014.

Com um orçamento total de 5,2 bilhões de dólares, a conclusão estava inicialmente prevista para 2014.

Last year, the canal netted $2.6 billion, roughly half of Panama’s national revenue.

No ano passado, o canal rendeu 2,6 bilhões de dólares, cerca de metade das receitas nacionais do Panamá.

• "netted" – rendeu, marcou, gerou.
• "roughly half of" / ˈrʌfli hæfəv / – aproximadamente metade de.
• "revenue" /'rev.ən.juː/ – receita, arrecadação, faturamento.

The Panama Canal Authority has projected that the expansion will increase that revenue eightfold by 2025.

A Autoridade do Canal do Panamá projetou que a expansão aumentará essa receita oito vezes até 2025.

• "eightfold" /'eɪtfəʊld/ – oito vezes.

There’s been a hitch in the expansion effort, however.

No entanto, houve um obstáculo no esforço de expansão.

• "hitch" (= a problem, a temporary difficulty).

A group of mostly European contractors known as the Grupo Unidos por el Canal has filed claims totaling more than a half billion dollars against the Panama Canal Authority, alleging that misinformation led to cost overruns.

Um grupo de empreiteiros maioritariamente europeus, conhecido como Grupo Unidos pelo Canal, apresentou queixas no valor total de mais de 500 milhões de dólares contra a Autoridade do Canal do Panamá, alegando que a desinformação levou a custos excessivos.

But according to Dr. J. David Rogers, a professor of geological engineering at Missouri University of Science and Technology, who has worked closely with the Panamanians for more than a quarter-century, the real problem is that contractors knowingly underbid the job.

Mas, de acordo com o Dr. J. David Rogers, professor de engenharia geológica na Universidade de Ciência e Tecnologia do Missouri, que trabalha em estreita colaboração com os panamianos há mais de um quarto de século, o verdadeiro problema é que os empreiteiros fizeram, conscientemente, uma proposta inferior à proposta.

The canal expansion is about more than money to the Panamanians, according to Dr. Rogers.

A expansão do canal é mais do que dinheiro para os panamenhos, de acordo com o Dr. Rogers.

“It’s a national pride project for them. It’s their lifeblood,” he says of the Panamanians’ feelings about the canal.

"É um projeto de orgulho nacional para eles. É a sua força vital", diz ele sobre os sentimentos dos panamenhos em relação ao canal.

“It’s what makes them go.”

"É o que os faz andar."

The same seriousness didn’t characterize Americans’ approach to canal expansion.

A mesma seriedade não caracterizou a abordagem dos americanos à expansão dos canais.

Of a series of false starts and fizzled plans, the most amazing came as part of Operation Plowshare, the “Atoms for Peace” program of the U.S. Atomic Energy Agency (now the Department of Energy).

De uma série de falsos começos e planos fracassados, o mais espantoso surgiu como parte da Operação Plowshare, o programa "Átomos para a Paz" da Agência de Energia Atómica dos EUA (agora Departamento de Energia).

Intended to highlight the peacetime usefulness of atomic warheads, Plowshare spent more than a decade exploring the possibility of widening the canal by detonating a string of nuclear warheads.

Com o objetivo de realçar a utilidade das ogivas atômicas em tempo de paz, a Plowshare passou mais de uma década a explorar a possibilidade de alargar o canal através da detonação de uma série de ogivas nucleares.

Rising awareness of environmental risks in the 1960s scuttled the idea.

A crescente consciencialização dos riscos ambientais na década de 1960 fez com que a ideia fosse abandonada.

Under the current, nuke-free plan, new approach channels and locks are being excavated alongside the existing entrances, allowing operations to continue normally during construction.

De acordo com o plano atual, livre de armas nucleares, estão a ser escavados novos canais de acesso e eclusas ao lado das entradas existentes, permitindo que as operações continuem normalmente durante a construção.

The new locks and channels will be about three times bigger, allowing the passage of more of today’s huge container ships.

As novas eclusas e canais serão cerca de três vezes maiores, permitindo a passagem de um maior número dos enormes navios porta-contentores atuais.

The maximum load will increase from about 5,000 containers to 12,000 — though the very largest ships, which currently balloon up to 19,000 containers and primarily work routes between Europe and Asia through the Suez Canal, still won’t fit.

A carga máxima aumentará de cerca de 5.000 contentores para 12.000 - embora os navios de maiores dimensões, que atualmente transportam até 19.000 contentores e que fazem principalmente rotas entre a Europa e a Ásia através do Canal do Suez, continuem a não caber.

The expansion will provide cheaper shipping between Asia and the American Gulf Coast.

A expansão proporcionará um transporte marítimo mais barato entre a Ásia e a costa americana do Golfo.

Traffic that currently flows through West Coast ports such as Los Angeles and Long Beach—including huge amounts of Midwestern grain and coal—will soon move more directly through ports including Houston and Savannah.

O tráfego que atualmente passa por portos da Costa Oeste, como Los Angeles e Long Beach - incluindo grandes quantidades de cereais e carvão do Midwest - em breve passará mais diretamente por portos como Houston e Savannah.

Ports along the U.S. Gulf and East coasts have been expanding to accommodate increased ship size and traffic.

Os portos ao longo das costas do Golfo e Leste dos EUA têm-se expandido para acomodar o aumento do tamanho e do tráfego de navios.

The ongoing court battle means that even the Panama Canal Authority’s recently-updated 2016 target for completion may be missed.

A batalha judicial em curso significa que mesmo a meta de conclusão da Autoridade do Canal do Panamá, recentemente atualizada para 2016, pode não ser cumprida.

But a bigger canal is finally coming—and with it, a host of new possibilities.

Mas um canal maior está finalmente chegando - e com ele, uma série de novas possibilidades.

•  (fortune.com/2015/04/17/panama-canal/)

01 – Mark the correct option about the text.

(A) Dr. Rogers pointed out that there was evidence of deliberate overbilling.

(B) The 'Atoms for Peace' program thrived fairly due to public opposition.
(C) The  expansion project is expected to bolster trade.
(D) Environmental awareness in the 1960s fostered Operation Plowshare.
(E) Misleading information ended up preventing budget overruns.

•   Gabarito C  

Mark the correct option about the text.

Marque a opção correta sobre o texto.

(A) Dr. Rogers pointed out that there was evidence of deliberate overbilling.

O Dr. Rogers apontou que havia evidências de superfaturamento deliberado.

(B) The 'Atoms for Peace' program thrived fairly due to public opposition.

O programa 'Átomos para a Paz' prosperou bastante devido à oposição pública.
(C) The  expansion project is expected to bolster trade.

Espera-se que o projeto de expansão reforce o comércio.
(D) Environmental awareness in the 1960s fostered Operation Plowshare.

A consciência ambiental na década de 1960 fomentou a Operação Plowshare.
(E) Misleading information ended up preventing budget overruns.

Informações enganosas acabaram evitando derrapagens orçamentárias.

02 – In lines 9 - 11:

• "The US authorities then in control began excavation for larger locks in 1939",

the word in bold means:

(A) An artificial waterway used for travel,shipping or irrigation.

(B) A river or canal that vessels travel on.
(C) A barrier that protects a harbor or shore from the full impact of waves.
(D) A place on a river with a set of gates which open and close to allow boats in.
(E) A barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow or raise the level of water.

•   Gabarito D  

In lines 9 - 11: "The US authorities then in control began excavation for larger locks in 1939", the word in bold means:

Nas linhas 9 a 11: "As autoridades dos EUA então no controle começaram a escavação para eclusas maiores em 1939", a palavra em negrito significa:

(A) An artificial waterway used for travel,shipping or irrigation.

Uma hidrovia artificial usada para viagens, transporte marítimo ou irrigação.

(B) A river or canal that vessels travel on.

Um rio ou canal por onde os navios viajam.
(C) A barrier that protects a harbor or shore from the full impact of waves.

Uma barreira que protege um porto ou costa do impacto total das ondas.
(D) A place on a river with a set of gates which open and close to allow boats in.

Um local à beira de um rio com um conjunto de portões que abrem e fecham para permitir a entrada de barcos.
(E) A barrier constructed across a waterway to control the flow or raise the level of water.

Uma barreira construída ao longo de um curso de água para controlar o fluxo ou elevar o nível da água.

03 – In lines 2 – 3:

• "(…) and despite an unresolved lawsuit that has delayed the project (...)”, the word in bold is formed by the prefix 'un'.

In which option below the word is not correctly formed by the same prefix ?

(A) unfinished
(B) unfasten
(C) unwrapped
(D) undecided
(E) unpolite

•   Gabarito E  

In lines 2 – 3: "(…) and despite an unresolved lawsuit that has delayed the project (...)”, the word in bold is formed by the prefix 'un'.

Nas linhas 2 – 3: “(…) e apesar de uma ação judicial não resolvida que atrasou o projeto (...)”, a palavra em negrito é formada pelo prefixo ‘un’.

In which option below the word is not correctly formed by the same prefix ?

Em qual opção abaixo a palavra não está formada corretamente pelo mesmo prefixo?

(A) unfinished (un- PREFIXO NEGATIVO)
(B) unfasten (un- PREFIXO NEGATIVO)
(C) unwrapped (un- PREFIXO NEGATIVO)
(D) undecided (un- PREFIXO NEGATIVO)
(E) unpolite 

• O prefixo correto é "IM-" para formar "IMPOLITE".

>> SUMMARY CHART:

(Fonte: https://br.pinterest.com/pin/351421577152166242/): 

04 – In which sentence "it" is not correctly used?

(A) I can not bear it to see women crying.

(B) She found it strange being in that flat.
(C) We owe it to society to help those who need help.
(D) I take it that you won't be working tomorrow.
(E) I'll leave it to John to let them know.

•   Gabarito A  

(A) I can not bear it to see women crying.

(B) She found it strange being in that flat.
(C) We owe it to society to help those who need help.
(D) I take it that you won't be working tomorrow.
(E) I'll leave it to John to let them know.

05 – Choose the correct option.

(A) I wish the children had a garden which to play in.
(B) Susan has written a book of which I've forgotten the name.
(C) It is I who is responsible for the planning.
(D) This is the woman that Bob said that could show you the office.
(E) The man for who I work is very sick.

•   Gabarito B  

(A) I wish the children had a garden which to play in.
(B) Susan has written a book of which I've forgotten the name.
(C) It is I who is responsible for the planning.
(D) This is the woman that Bob said that could show you the office.
(E) The man for who I work is very sick.

06 – Mark the correct alternative.

(A) She does probably not know.
(B) I won't probably be there.
(C) I didn't judge fair.
(D) He laughed silly.

(E) The accused was charged with the crime today.

•   Gabarito E  

(A) She does probably not know.

(B) I won't probably be there.
(C) I didn't judge fair.
(D) He laughed silly.

(E) The accused was charged with the crime today.

07 – Which alternative is correct?

(A) Sam, would you come here please - Ok, I'm going!
(B) These shoes don't suit me - do you have a larger size?
(C) You are a very naughty little girl.
(D) You really need to do an effort!
(E) I borrowed my father some money and now I can't pay it back.

•   Gabarito B  

(A) Sam, would you come here please - Ok, I'm going!
(B) These shoes don't suit me - do you have a larger size?
(C) You are a very naughty little girl.
(D) You really need to do an effort!
(E) I borrowed my father some money and now I can't pay it back.

08 – Choose the correct answer.

(A) This cheese tastes well.
(B) Susan pulled her belt tightly and started off.
(C) Can you suggest me a good dentist?
(D) The forecast says it will grow colder tomorrow.
(E) Who did you buy it?

•   Gabarito D  

(A) This cheese tastes well.
(B) Susan pulled her belt tightly and started off.
(C) Can you suggest me a good dentist?
(D) The forecast says it will grow colder tomorrow.
(E) Who did you buy it?

09 – Say if the sentences below are C (correct) or I (incorrect).

• (   )  He's used to run 5 kilometers every day.
• (   )  Last year, I use to study harder than I do now.
• (   )  Sam used to sleeping 12 hours a day when he was a teenager.
• (   )  I'm sorry. I'm not used to staying up so late.

The correct sequence is:

(A) (I) (I) (I) (C)

(B) (C) (C) (I) (C)
(C) (I) (C) (C) (I)
(D) (C) (I) (I) (C)
(E) (I) (C) (I) (I)

•   Gabarito A  

• ( I )  He's used to run 5 kilometers every day.
• ( I )  Last year, I use to study harder than I do now.
• ( I )  Sam used to sleeping 12 hours a day when he was a teenager.
• ( C )  I'm sorry. I'm not used to staying up so late.

10 – (EFOMM-PS-2016-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE) Say if the sentences below are C (correct) or I (incorrect). 

• (   ) I wasn’t tired last night. If I were tired, I would have gone home.
• (   ) You’d be surprised if I told you how much it costs.
• (   ) I’d be able to visit Monica in the afternoon if I stay in Santiago overnight.
• (   ) If Carrie had been honest, she would return the money.

The correct sequence is:

(A) (I) (I) (C) (I)
(B) (I) (I) (I) (C)
(C) (I) (C) (C) (I)
(D) (I) (C) (I) (I)
(E) (C) (I) (I) (C)

•   Gabarito D  

( I ) I wasn’t tired last night. If I were tired, I would have gone home.

• I wasn’t tired last night. If I were tired, I would go home. (2nd Conditional)

( C ) You’d be surprised if I told you how much it costs. (2nd Conditional)

( I ) I’d be able to visit Monica in the afternoon if I stay in Santiago overnight.

• I’ll be able to visit Monica in the afternoon if I stay in Santiago overnight.(1st Conditional)

( I  ) If Carrie had been honest, she would return the money.

• If Carrie had been honest, she would have returned the money.(3rd Conditional)

>>GRAMMAR CHART:

https://www.englishlessonviaskype.com/how-to-use-conditionals-in-english/

11 – Say if the sentences below are C (correct) or I (incorrect).

• (  ) This is my sister Jane, whom you met last week.
• (  ) She remarried six months later, what surprised everyone.
• (  ) I visited Mr. Rogers, whose son I used to go to school with.
• (  ) He doesn't like the people with who he works.

The correct sequence is:

(A) (I) (C) (C) (I)
(B) (C) (C) (I) (C)
(C) (C) (I) (C) (I)
(D) (C) (I) (I) (C)
(E) (I) (I) (I) (C)

•   Gabarito C  

(A) (I) (C) (C) (I)
(B) (C) (C) (I) (C)
(C) (C) (I) (C) (I)
(D) (C) (I) (I) (C)
(E) (I) (I) (I) (C)

• ( C ) This is my sister Jane, whom you met last week.
• ( I ) She remarried six months later, what surprised everyone.
• ( C ) I visited Mr. Rogers, whose son I used to go to school with.
• ( I ) He doesn't like the people with who he works.

12 – Complete the sentences with the correct verb tenses.

• 1. Little ______ how inconvenient he can be.
• 2. Not until she received the call ______ relieved.
• 3. Not for one moment ________ your honesty.
• 4. Under no circumstances ________ class.

(A) does he realize - she had breathed - would I doubt - should you miss.

(B) does he realize - did she breathe - would I doubt - should you miss
(C) he realizes - did she breath - I would doubt - you should miss
(D) he will realize - she breathed - I would doubt - should  you miss
(E) he realized - she would breathe - would I doubt - you should miss

•   Gabarito B  

(A) does he realize - she had breathed - would I doubt - should you miss.

(B) does he realize - did she breathe - would I doubt - should you miss
(C) he realizes - did she breath - I would doubt - you should miss
(D) he will realize - she breathed - I would doubt - should  you miss
(E) he realized - she would breathe - would I doubt - you should miss

13 – Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences below.

• I - Simon is in ______ prison because he didn’t pay his taxes.
• II - You have made ____ very good progress.
• III - We didn’t have time to visit ____ Louvre when we were in Paris.
• IV - I’ve always wanted to visit ____ Netherlands.

(A) a / a / the / the

(B) --- / --- / the / the
(C) the / a / --- / ---
(D) --- / a / --- / a
(E) a / --- / --- / the

•   Gabarito B  

(A) a / a / the / the

(B) --- / --- / the / the
(C) the / a / --- / ---
(D) --- / a / --- / a
(E) a / --- / --- / the

• I - Simon is in prison because he didn’t pay his taxes.
• II - You have made very good progress.
• III - We didn’t have time to visit the Louvre when we were in Paris.
• IV - I’ve always wanted to visit the Netherlands.

14 – Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences below.

• I – I can’t afford _____ for all your expenses.
• II – He enjoys _____ on the weekends.
• III – After many frustrated attempts, I finally managed ____ him stay.
• IV – You should always put on sunscreen before ____ to the beach.

(A) paying / sailing / making / going
(B) paying / sailing / to make / to go
(C) pay / to sail / made / going
(D) to pay / sailing / to make / going
(E) to pay / to sail / making / to go

•   Gabarito D  

(A) paying / sailing / making / going
(B) paying / sailing / to make / to go
(C) pay / to sail / made / going
(D) to pay / sailing / to make / going
(E) to pay / to sail / making / to go

• I – I can’t afford to pay for all your expenses.
• II – He enjoys sailing on the weekends.
• III – After many frustrated attempts, I finally managed to make him stay.
• IV – You should always put on sunscreen before going to the beach.

15 – Complete the passage below with the correct word. Then choose the correct alternative.

• I. I was shocked _______ her behavior.
• II. The man is known ______ the police.
• III. We’re worried _______ the future.
• IV. The mountains are covered ______ snow.
• V. Everybody’s annoyed ______ you.

(A) I. at – II. to – III. about – IV. with – V. with

(B) I. to – II. on – III. of – IV. in – V. with
(C) I. with – II. for – III. with – IV. in – V. with
(D) I. about – II. in – III. for – IV. with – V. on
(E) I. for – II. to – III. with – IV. in – V. by

•   Gabarito A  

(A) I. at – II. to – III. about – IV. with – V. with

(B) I. to – II. on – III. of – IV. in – V. with
(C) I. with – II. for – III. with – IV. in – V. with
(D) I. about – II. in – III. for – IV. with – V. on
(E) I. for – II. to – III. with – IV. in – V. by

• I. I was shocked at her behavior.
• II. The man is known to the police.
• III. We’re worried about the future.
• IV. The mountains are covered with snow.
• V. Everybody’s annoyed with you.

16 – Choose the correct alternative.

(A) self/selfies; half/halfs; species/species; man/men
(B) calf/calfs; photo/photos; child/children; lady/ladies
(C) church/churches; box/boxes; negro/negros; bus/buses
(D) penny/pence; louse/lice; tornado/tornadoes; volcano/volcanos
(E) ox/oxen; goose/geese; child/children; tomato/tomatos

•   Gabarito D  

(A) self/selfies; half/halfs; species/species; man/men
(B) calf/calfs; photo/photos; child/children; lady/ladies
(C) church/churches; box/boxes; negro/negros; bus/buses
(D) penny/pence; louse/lice; tornado/tornadoes; volcano/volcanos
(E) ox/oxen; goose/geese; child/children; tomato/tomatos

17 – Choose the correct sentence.

(A) My best friend is as smart as me.
(B) Nobody but I knew the end of the story.
(C) Do you want Paul or I to phone her?
(D) I poured her a glass of water, she drank at once
(E) He was admired by the people with who he worked.

•   Gabarito A  

(A) My best friend is as smart as me.
(B) Nobody but I knew the end of the story.
(C) Do you want Paul or I to phone her?
(D) I poured her a glass of water, she drank at once
(E) He was admired by the people with who he worked.

18 – Choose the correct alternative.

(A) She is a young fat lady.
(B) It’s a new black Italian handbag.
(C) It’s an American modern little house.
(D) It’s a white old lovely dog.
(E) It’s a philosophical old discussion.

•   Gabarito B  

TÓPICO - ORDER OF ADJECTIVES:

Choose the correct alternative.

(A) She is a young fat lady.

• She is a fat young lady.
• PADRÃO: SIZE-AGE noun.

(B) It’s a new black Italian handbag.

• PADRÃO: AGE-COLOR-ORIGIN noun.

(C) It’s an American modern little house.

• She is a little modern American lady.
• PADRÃO: SIZE-AGE-ORIGIN noun.

(D) It’s a white old lovely dog.

• It’s a lovely old white dog.
• PADRÃO: OPINION-AGE-COLLOR noun.

(E) It’s a philosophical old discussion. 

• It’s an old philosophical old discussion. 
• PADRÃO: AGE-PURPOSE noun.

>> OSASCOMP

19 – Choose the correct alternative.

(A) Anna is the more intelligent girl in this room.
(B) He plays best than his brother.
(C) The commonest reason given for absence from school is flu.
(D) Would you please talk quietlier?
(E) Richard is the nicer of the three brothers.

•   Gabarito C  

TÓPICO - COMPARATIVES vs SUPERLATIVES :

(A) Anna is the more intelligent girl in this room.

>> Para aplicar o superlativo, usa-se a estrutura padrão "THE MOST" antes do adjetivo longo (INTELLIGENT).

• Anna is the most intelligent girl in this room.
• Anna é a garota mais inteligente desta sala.

>> SUMMARY CHART:

Fonte: https://mingle-ish.com

(B) He plays best than his brother.

>> Situação típica de COMPARATIVO, porque no quesito jogar melhor, o narrador está comparando alguém com o irmão dele, ou seja, há comparação entre 2 (duas) pessoas.

• He plays better than his brother.
• Ele joga melhor que o irmão.

>> SUMMARY CHART:

Fonte: https://englishgrammarhere.com

(C) The commonest reason given for absence from school is flu.

>> Situação típica de SUPERLATIVO, porque em relação ao adjetivo  "COMMON", o narrador está atribuindo a GRIPE (FLU), o grau de O MOTIVO MAIS COMUM para a ausência da escola..

• The commonest reason given for absence from school is flu.
• O motivo mais comum para a ausência na escola é a gripe.

>> SUMMARY CHART:

Fonte: https://www.slideserve.com

(D) Would you please talk quietlier?

>> INCORRETA porque não existe o vocábulo “quietlier”.

• SENTENÇA CORREGIDA:
• Would you please talk more quietly?
• Você poderia, por favor, falar mais baixo?

(E) Richard is the nicer of the three brothers.

>>  Situação típica de SUPERLATIVO, porque há comparação entre 1 pessoa e um 1 grupo de 3 pessoas.

• SENTENÇA CORREGIDA:
• Richard is the nicest of the three brothers.
• Richard é o mais legal dos três irmãos.

20 – Choose the option that contains only nouns.

(A) Absentee, craftsmanship, golden, confusion
(B) Assistant, friendliness, kindness, frosty
(C) Adhesive, mindful, backwards, slowly
(D) Wisdom, amazement, ammunition, cruelty
(E) Heroic, wooden, poetic, clockwise

•   Gabarito D  

(A) Absentee, craftsmanship, golden, confusion

➭ Absentee (Ausente)(NOUN)

- Terminação EE formador de substantivos: Addressee (Destinatário), Attendee (Atendente), Committee (Comitê), Detainee (Detido), Divorcee (Divorciado), Employee (Empregado), Escapee (Fugitivo), Honoree (Homenageado), Interviewee (Entrevistado), Invitee (Convidado), Mortgagee (Hipoteca), Payee (Beneficiário), Refugee (Refugiado), Retiree (aposentado).

➭ Craftsmanship (Artesanato)(NOUN)

- Terminação SHIP formadora de substantivos ABSTRATOS:

Relationship (Relacionamento), Leadership (Liderança).

➭ Golden (Dourado)(ADJECTIVE).

➭ Confusion (Confusão)(NOUN)

- Terminação -ION formadora de substantivos: Action (Ação), Reflection (Reflexão).

(B) Assistant, friendliness, kindness, frosty

➭ Assistant (Assistente)(NOUN).

➭ Friendliness (Amizade)(NOUN)

- Terminação -NESS formadora de substantivos: Happiness (Felicidade), Kindness (Gentileza), Sadness (Tristeza).

➭ Kindness (Gentileza)(NOUN).

➭ Frosty (Gelado)(ADJECTIVE).

(C) Adhesive, mindful, backwards, slowly

➭ Adhesive (Adesivo)(NOUN).

➭ Mindful (Atento)(ADJECTIVE).

- Terminação -FULL formadora de adjetivos: Meaningful (Significante), Painful (Doloroso), Useful (Útil).

➭ Backwards (Para trás)(ADVERB).

➭ Slowly (Lentamente)(ADVERB).

- Terminação -LY formadora de advérbios: Certainly (certamente), Hardly (Dificilmente, Quickly (Rapidamente).

(D) Wisdom, amazement, ammunition, cruelty

➭ Wisdom (Sabedoria)(NOUN).

➭ Amazement (Perplexidade)(NOUN).

➭ Ammunition (Munição)(NOUN).

➭ Cruelty (Crueldade)(NOUN).
(E) Heroic, wooden, poetic, clockwise

➭ Heroic (Heroico)(ADJECTIVE).

➭ Wooden (Em madeira)(ADJECTIVE).

➭ Poetic (Munição)(ADJECTIVE).

➭ Clockwise (Sentido horário)(ADVERB).