EsPCEx 2016

 

ESCOLA PREPARATÓRIA DE CADETES DO EXÉRCITO

•    2016  

PROVA DE INGLÊS   

GABARITO FINAL

•    PROVA  

• 12 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• • Text (1) – | This migrant crisis is different from all others | bbc.com |
• • Text (2) – | How Brazil Crowdsourced a Pioneering Law | foreignpolicy.com |
• • Text (3) – | Operation Desert Storm Was Not Won By Smart Weaponry Alone | smithsonianmag.com |
• • Text (4) – | Would it be wrong to eradicate mosquitoes? | .bbc.com |

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 61, 62 e 63

This migrant crisis is different from all others

 Esta crise migratória é diferente de todas as outras

2015 was unquestionably the year of the migrant. – 2015 foi inquestionavelmente o ano do migrante.

The news was dominated for months by pictures of vast crowds shuffling through the borders of yet another European country, being treated with brutality in some places and given a reluctant welcome in others. – As notícias foram dominadas durante meses por imagens de vastas multidões atravessando as fronteiras de mais um país europeu, sendo tratadas com brutalidade em alguns lugares e recebidas com relutância noutros.

When researching a report for radio and television about the migrant phenomenon, it is possible to realize that there was nothing new about it. – Ao pesquisar uma reportagem para rádio e televisão sobre o fenômeno migratório, é possível perceber que não havia nada de novo nisso.

For many years, waves of displaced and frightened people have broken over Europe again and again and the images have been strikingly similar each time. – Durante muitos anos, ondas de pessoas deslocadas e assustadas invadiram a Europa repetidas vezes e as imagens foram sempre surpreendentemente semelhantes. 

In 1945, __(1)__ the ethnic Germans, forced out of their homes in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Russia and obliged to seek shelter in a shattered and divided Germany. – Em 1945, HOUVE os alemães étnicos, forçados a abandonar as suas casas na Polônia, Checoslováquia e Rússia e obrigados a procurar abrigo numa Alemanha destruída e dividida.

More recently, we can see floods of Albanian refugees escaping from the ethnic cleansing of the Serbian forces in Kosovo in 1998 and 1999. – Mais recentemente, podemos assistir a inundações de refugiados albaneses que escaparam da limpeza étnica das forças sérvias no Kosovo em 1998 e 1999. 

Yet there is one major difference between these waves of migrants in the past and the one we saw in 2015. – No entanto, existe uma grande diferença entre estas ondas de migrantes no passado e aquela que vimos em 2015.

Professor Alex Betts, director of the Refugee Studies Centre at Oxford University says that it was the first time Europe faced people coming in from the outside in large numbers as refugees. – O professor Alex Betts, diretor do Centro de Estudos de Refugiados da Universidade de Oxford, afirma que foi a primeira vez que a Europa enfrentou pessoas vindas de fora em grande número como refugiados.

He explains: "The fact that many are Muslims is perceived as challenging Europe's identity." – Ele explica: “O fato de muitos serem muçulmanos é visto como um desafio à identidade da Europa”.

European societies are changing very fast, indeed, as a result of immigration. – As sociedades europeias estão, de fato, mudando muito rapidamente, como resultado da imigração.

In London, for instance, more than 300 languages are now spoken, according to a recent academic study. – Em Londres, por exemplo, são faladas mais de 300 línguas, de acordo com um estudo académico recente.

The influx of migrants reinforces people's sense that their identity is under threat. – O afluxo de migrantes reforça a sensação das pessoas de que a sua identidade está ameaçada.

But how can the world deal conclusively with the problem? – Mas como pode o mundo lidar de forma conclusiva com o problema?

The former UN under-secretary-general for humanitarian affairs, Sir John Holmes, blames global governance. – O antigo subsecretário-geral da ONU para assuntos humanitários, Sir John Holmes, culpa a governação global.

"Other powers are rising," he says Syria is an example of this. – “Outras potências estão em ascensão”, diz ele. A Síria é um exemplo disso.

"And the United States doesn’t have the influence it once did, so the problem’s not being fixed, no-one's waving the big stick and we’re having to pick up the pieces." – "E os Estados Unidos não têm a influência que tinham antes, por isso o problema não está sendo resolvido, ninguém está acenando com o bastão e temos de juntar os cacos."

We have endured an entire century of exile and homelessness and the cause is always the same - conflict and bad government. – Suportamos um século inteiro de exílio e falta de abrigo e a causa é sempre a mesma: conflitos e mau governo.

Unless these are dealt with, the flow of migrants will never be stopped. – A menos que estas questões sejam resolvidas, o fluxo de migrantes nunca será interrompido.

• Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-35091772

45 – Choose the alternative containing the correct verbal tense to complete gap (1) in paragraph 3.

(A) there to be
(B) there will be
(C) there are
(D) there were
(E) there have been

•    Gabarito D  

TÓPICO - VERBAL TENSE - THERE WERE:

• In 1945, __(1)__ the ethnic Germans, forced out of their homes in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Russia and obliged to seek shelter in a shattered and divided Germany.

• Em 1945, HAVIA os alemães étnicos, forçados a abandonar as suas casas na Polônia, Checoslováquia e Rússia e obrigados a procurar abrigo numa Alemanha destruída e dividida.

• THERE WHERE (passado) - Usado para sujeito no PLURAL.

• THERE WAS (passado) - Usado para sujeito no SINGULAR.

46 – Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes the expression for instance in the sentence:

• "In London, FOR INSTANCE, more than 300 languages... "(paragraph 4).

(A) for example
(B) such as
(C) on the other hand
(D) however
(E) no exception

•    Gabarito A  

• "In London, FOR INSTANCE, more than 300 languages... "(paragraph 4).
• "Em Londres, POR EXEMPLO, mais de 300 idiomas..."

(A) for example – POR EXEMPLO - Expressão de EXEMPLIFICAÇÃO – É uma TRANSITION PHRASE, ou seja, é usada antes de oração)

(B) such as – TAIS COMO, POR EXEMPLO – Expressão de EXEMPLIFICAÇÃO - Não é uma TRANSITION PHRASE, ou seja, é usada antes de frases nominais)

- Usamos "SUCH AS" para apresentar um exemplo ou exemplos de algo que mencionamos. Normalmente usamos uma vírgula antes, como quando apresentamos uma lista de exemplos.

• That money is to cover costs such as travel and accommodation.
• She has worked in several countries where English is spoken as a first language, such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada and so on.

(C) on the other hand – POR  UM OUTRO LADO – Expressão idiomática de CONTRA-PONTO ou de OPOSIÇÃO DE IDEIAS.

(D) however – ENTRETANTO – DESPITE THIS - advérbio de contraste.
(E) no exception – SEM EXCEÇÃO. 

47 – According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.

• I – There isn't anything new about the current migrant crisis.
• II – The former migrant phenomena happened in London.
• III – This migrant phenomenon is interfering in Europe's society.
• IV – Europeans are concerned about learning new languages.
• V – Syria is becoming powerful and apparently there is no control over it.
• VI – Conflicts and poor governance are the reasons for the migration.

(A) I, IV and V are correct.
(B) I, IV and VI are correct.
(C) III, V and VI are correct.
(D) II, III and V are correct.
(E) I, II and IV are correct. 

•    Gabarito C  

(A) I, IV and V are correct.
(B) I, IV and VI are correct.
(C) III, V and VI are correct.
(D) II, III and V are correct.
(E) I, II and IV are correct. 

•    TEXTO 2  

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50:

How Brazil Crowdsourced a Pioneering Law

Como o Brasil solicitou a colaboração do público para fazer uma lei pioneira    

The passage of the Marco Civil da Internet, an "Internet bill of rights" commonly referred to in English as the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet, demonstrates how the Internet can be used to rejuvenate democratic governance in the digital age. –  A aprovação do Marco Civil da Internet, uma “declaração de direitos da Internet” comumente referida em inglês como Estrutura Brasileira de Direitos Civis para a Internet, demonstra como a Internet pode ser usada para rejuvenescer a governança democrática na era digital.

The law is important not only for its content, but for the innovative and participatory way it was written, bypassing traditional modes of legislation-making to go directly to the country’s citizens. –  A lei é importante não só pelo seu conteúdo, mas pela forma inovadora e participativa como foi redigida, contornando os modos tradicionais de elaboração de legislação para ir diretamente aos cidadãos do país.

At a moment when governments of all kinds are viewed as increasingly distant from ordinary people, Brazil's example makes an argument that democracy offers a way forward. –  Num momento em que governos de todos os tipos são vistos como cada vez mais distantes das pessoas comuns, o exemplo do Brasil argumenta que a democracia oferece um caminho a seguir.

The pioneering law was signed in 2014 and has three components. –  A lei pioneira foi assinada em 2014 e tem três componentes.

First, it safeguards privacy by restricting the ability of private corporations and the government to store Internet users’ browsing histories. –  Primeiro, salvaguarda a privacidade ao restringir a capacidade das empresas privadas e do governo de armazenar os históricos de navegação dos utilizadores da Internet.

Second, it mandates a judicial review of requests to remove potentially offensive or illegal material, including content that infringes copyrights. –  Em segundo lugar, exige uma revisão judicial dos pedidos de remoção de material potencialmente ofensivo ou ilegal, incluindo conteúdo que infrinja direitos de autor.

And third, it prohibits Internet service providers from manipulating data transfer speeds for commercial purposes. –  E terceiro, proíbe os provedores de serviços de Internet de manipular as velocidades de transferência de dados para fins comerciais.

The bill was acclaimed by activists as an example the rest of the world should follow. –  O projeto de lei foi aclamado por ativistas como um exemplo que o resto do mundo deveria seguir.

What makes this law even more interesting is that it became one of the largest-ever experiments in crowdsourcing legislation. –  O que torna esta lei ainda mais interessante é que ela se tornou uma das maiores experiências de sempre em legislação de crowdsourcing.

The law’s original text was written through a website that allowed individual citizens and organizations — including NGOs, businesses, and political parties — to interact with one another and publicly debate the law’s content. –  O texto original da lei foi escrito através de um website que permitia que cidadãos e organizações individuais — incluindo ONG, empresas e partidos políticos — interagissem entre si e debatessem publicamente o conteúdo da lei.

This process was markedly different from the traditional method of writing bills “behind closed doors” in the halls of Congress, a process that favored well-connected families and large corporations. –  Este processo foi marcadamente diferente do método tradicional de redigir projetos de lei “a portas fechadas” nos corredores do Congresso, um processo que favorecia famílias bem relacionadas e grandes empresas. 

Policymakers in other countries have tried to capture citizen input using social media before, but never on this scale, in a country of roughly 200 million people. Whether it would succeed was far from certain. –  Os legisladores de outros países já tentaram captar a opinião dos cidadãos através das redes sociais, mas nunca a esta escala, num país com cerca de 200 milhões de habitantes. Se teria sucesso estava longe de ser certo.

During the website's public launch, in 2009, one of the government lawyers summed up the organizers' high hopes: –  Durante o lançamento público do site, em 2009, um dos advogados do governo resumiu as grandes esperanças dos organizadores: 

"This experience could transform the way we discuss not just legislation about the Internet, but also the way we discuss other bills in Brazil, and, in so doing, reconfigure our democracy." –  “Essa experiência poderia transformar a maneira como discutimos não apenas a legislação sobre a Internet, mas também a maneira como discutimos outros projetos de lei no Brasil e, ao fazê-lo, reconfigurar nossa democracia”.

• Adapted from http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/01/19/how-brazil-crowdsourced-a-landmark-law/

48 – In the title "How Brazil Crowdsourced a Pioneering Law", the verb CROWDSOURCE means

(A) obtain ideas by soliciting contributions from diverse groups of people.
(B) favor common citizens who don't have Internet connection.
(C) draft a new law according to large corporations' interests.
(D) remove contributions from politicians that prefer the traditional method.
(E) allow the congress to pass a bill that infringes copyrights.

•    Gabarito A   

In the title "How Brazil Crowdsourced a Pioneering Law", the verb CROWDSOURCE means

(A) obtain ideas by soliciting contributions from diverse groups of people.
(B) favor common citizens who don't have Internet connection.
(C) draft a new law according to large corporations' interests.
(D) remove contributions from politicians that prefer the traditional method.
(E) allow the congress to pass a bill that infringes copyrights.

49 – Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes the word BYPASSING in the sentence "... bypassing traditional modes of legislation-making ..." (paragraph 1).

(A) offending
(B) destroying
(C) praising
(D) avoiding
(E) accepting

•    Gabarito D   

• "... bypassing traditional modes of legislation-making ..." (paragraph 1).
• "... ignorando os modos tradicionais de elaboração de legislação..."

(A) offending
(B) destroying
(C) praising
(D) avoiding

(E) accepting

50 – According to the text, choose the correct statement.

(A) Organizers were sure the experience would be totally successful.
(B) Other laws from now on can be written and discussed the same way.
(C) The content of the law is more important than the way it was written.
(D) This innovative way to develop a law puts democracy at risk.
(E) Brazil's example made activists and political parties disappointed.

•    Gabarito B   

(A) Organizers were sure the experience would be totally successful.
(B) Other laws from now on can be written and discussed the same way.
(C) The content of the law is more important than the way it was written.
(D) This innovative way to develop a law puts democracy at risk.
(E) Brazil's example made activists and political parties disappointed.

•    TEXTO 3  

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53: 

Operation Desert Storm Was Not Won By Smart Weaponry Alone 

Technology has long been a deciding factor on the battlefield, from powerful artillery to new weaponry to innovations in the seas and the skies. Twenty-five years ago, it was no different, as the United States and its allies proved overwhelmingly successful in the Persian Gulf War. A coalition of U.S. Army Apache attack helicopters, cruise missiles from naval vessels, and Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk "stealth fighters" soundly broke through Saddam Hussein's army defenses in Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm, which became known as the "100-hour war". 

But for all the possibilities that this "Computer War" offered, Operation Desert Storm was not won by smart weaponry, alone. Despite the "science fiction"-like technology deployed, 90 percent of the pieces of ammunition used in Desert Storm were actually "dumb weapons". The bombs, which weren’t guided by lasers or satellites, were lucky to get within half a kilometer of their targets after they were dumped from planes. While dumb bombs might not have been exciting enough to make the headlines during the attack, they were cheaper to produce and could be counted on to work. But frequency of use doesn’t change why history will remember Desert Storm for its smart weapons, rather than its dumb ones.

Adapted from

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/operation-desert-storm-was-not-won-smart-weaponry-alone180957879/

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 3:

Operation Desert Storm Was Not Won By Smart Weaponry Alone

A Operação "Tempestade no Deserto" não foi vencida  somente por armamento inteligente 

Technology has long been a deciding factor on the battlefield, from powerful artillery to new weaponry to innovations in the seas and the skies. – A tecnologia tem sido há muito tempo um factor decisivo no campo de batalha, desde a poderosa artilharia até ao novo armamento e às inovações nos mares e nos céus.

Twenty-five years ago, it was no different, as the United States and its allies proved overwhelmingly successful in the Persian Gulf War. – Há vinte e cinco anos, não era diferente, pois os Estados Unidos e os seus aliados revelaram-se predominantemente bem sucedidos na Guerra do Golfo Pérsico.

A coalition of U.S. Army Apache attack helicopters, cruise missiles from naval vessels, and Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk "stealth fighters" soundly broke through Saddam Hussein's army defenses in Kuwait during Operation Desert Storm, which became known as the "100-hour war". – Uma coalizão de helicópteros de ataque Apache do Exército dos EUA, mísseis de cruzeiro de navios de guerra e "caças furtivos" Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk rompeu profundamente as defesas do exército de Saddam Hussein no Kuwait durante a Operação Tempestade no Deserto, que ficou conhecida como a "guerra das 100 horas".

But for all the possibilities that this "Computer War" offered, Operation Desert Storm was not won by smart weaponry, alone. – Mas apesar de todas as possibilidades que esta “Guerra dos Computadores” ofereceu, a Operação Tempestade no Deserto não foi vencida apenas por armamento inteligente.

Despite the "science fiction"-like technology deployed, 90 percent of the pieces of ammunition used in Desert Storm were actually "dumb weapons". – Apesar da tecnologia de "ficção científica" implantada, 90 por cento das munições usadas na Tempestade no Deserto eram na verdade "armas burras".

The bombs, which weren’t guided by lasers or satellites, were lucky to get within half a kilometer of their targets after they were dumped from planes. – As bombas, que não eram guiadas por lasers ou satélites, tiveram a sorte de chegar a meio quilômetro dos seus alvos depois de serem lançadas dos aviões.

While dumb bombs might not have been exciting enough to make the headlines during the attack, they were cheaper to produce and could be counted on to work. – Embora as "bombas não-inteligentes" possam não ter sido suficientemente excitantes para chegar às manchetes durante o ataque, eram mais baratas de produzir e podiam contar com o seu funcionamento.

But frequency of use doesn’t change why history will remember Desert Storm for its smart weapons, rather than its dumb ones. – Mas a frequência de uso não muda por que a história se lembrará da Tempestade no Deserto por suas armas inteligentes, e não por suas "armas não-inteligentes".

51 – Choose the alternative that has the sentence "Operation Desert Storm was not won by smart weaponry" (paragraph 2) correctly changed into active voice.

(A) Smart weaponry hasn't won operation desert storm.
(B) Smart weaponry didn't win operation desert storm.
(C) Smart weaponry doesn't win operation desert storm.
(D) Smart weaponry isn't winning operation desert storm.
(E) Smart weaponry won't win operation desert storm.

•    Gabarito B   

"Operation Desert Storm was not won by smart weaponry" (paragraph 2) correctly changed into active voice.

(A) Smart weaponry hasn't won operation desert storm.
(B) Smart weaponry didn't win operation desert storm.
(C) Smart weaponry doesn't win operation desert storm.
(D) Smart weaponry isn't winning operation desert storm.
(E) Smart weaponry won't win operation desert storm.

52 – According to the text, "dumb weapons" (paragraph 2) were 

(A) bombs that couldn't reach any coalition planes.
(B) bombs that were "science fiction"-like targets.
(C) bombs that weren't guided by lasers or satellites.
(D) bombs that became known as smart weaponry.
(E) bombs that were exciting enough for the headlines.

•    Gabarito C   

According to the text, "dumb weapons" (paragraph 2) were 

(A) bombs that couldn't reach any coalition planes.
(B) bombs that were "science fiction"-like targets.
(C) bombs that weren't guided by lasers or satellites.
(D) bombs that became known as smart weaponry.
(E) bombs that were exciting enough for the headlines.

53 – Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes the expression RATHER THAN in the sentence "... history will remember Desert Storm for its smart weapons, rather than its dumb ones." (paragraph 2).

(A) as well as
(B) besides
(C) in addition to
(D) aside from
(E) instead of 

•    Gabarito E   

"... history will remember Desert Storm for its smart weapons, rather than its dumb ones." (paragraph 2).

(A) as well as
(B) besides
(C) in addition to
(D) aside from
(E) instead of 

•    TEXTO 4  

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56: 

Would it be wrong to eradicate mosquitoes?      

The mosquito is the most dangerous animal in the world, carrying diseases that kill one million people a year. Now the Zika virus, which is carried by mosquitoes, has been linked with thousands of babies born with brain defects in South America. There are 3,500 known species of mosquitoes, but only the females from just 6% of species draw blood from humans - to help them develop their eggs. Of these, just half carry parasites that cause human diseases.
       
More than a million people, mostly from poorer nations, die each year from mosquito-borne diseases, including Malaria, Dengue Fever and Yellow Fever. Some mosquitoes also carry the Zika virus, which was first thought to cause only mild fever and rashes. However, scientists are now worried that it can damage babies in the womb. There's a constant effort to educate people to use nets and other tactics to avoid being bitten. But would it just be simpler to make an entire species of disease-carrying mosquito extinct?
       
In Britain, scientists at Oxford University and the biotech firm Oxitec have genetically modified (GM) the males of Aedes aegypti - a mosquito species that carries both the Zika and Dengue viruses. These GM males carry a gene that stops their offspring from developing properly. This second generation of mosquitoes then die before they can reproduce and become carriers of disease themselves.
       
So are there any downsides to removing mosquitoes? Mosquitoes, which mostly feed on plant nectar, are important pollinators. They are also a food source for birds and bats while their young - as larvae - are consumed by fish and frogs. This could have an effect further ahead in the food chain. Mosquitoes also have limited the destructive impact of humanity on nature. Mosquitoes make tropical rainforests, for humans, virtually uninhabitable. Rainforests are home to a large share of our total plant and animal species, and nothing has done more to delay man-made destruction over the past 10,000 years than the mosquito.

Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35408835

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 4:

Would it be wrong to eradicate mosquitoes?

Seria errado erradicar os mosquitos?      

The mosquito is the most dangerous animal in the world, carrying diseases that kill one million people a year. – O mosquito é o animal mais perigoso do mundo, transmitindo doenças que matam um milhão de pessoas por ano.

Now the Zika virus, which is carried by mosquitoes, has been linked with thousands of babies born with brain defects in South America. – Agora, o vírus Zika, transmitido por mosquitos, tem sido associado a milhares de bebés nascidos com defeitos cerebrais na América do Sul.

There are 3,500 known species of mosquitoes, but only the females from just 6% of species draw blood from humans - to help them develop their eggs. – Existem 3.500 espécies conhecidas de mosquitos, mas apenas as fêmeas de apenas 6% das espécies extraem sangue dos humanos – para ajudá-los a desenvolver os seus ovos.

Of these, just half carry parasites that cause human diseases. – Destes, apenas metade carrega parasitas que causam doenças humanas.
       
More than a million people, mostly from poorer nations, die each year from mosquito-borne diseases, including Malaria, Dengue Fever and Yellow Fever. – Mais de um milhão de pessoas, principalmente de países mais pobres, morrem todos os anos de doenças transmitidas por mosquitos, incluindo a malária, a dengue e a febre amarela.

Some mosquitoes also carry the Zika virus, which was first thought to cause only mild fever and rashes. – Alguns mosquitos também transmitem o vírus Zika, que inicialmente se pensava que causava apenas febre moderada e erupções cutâneas.

However, scientists are now worried that it can damage babies in the womb. – No entanto, os cientistas estão agora preocupados com a possibilidade de prejudicar os bebés no útero.

There's a constant effort to educate people to use nets and other tactics to avoid being bitten. – Há um esforço constante para educar as pessoas a usar redes e outras táticas para evitar serem picadas.

But would it just be simpler to make an entire species of disease-carrying mosquito extinct? – Mas seria mais simples extinguir uma espécie inteira de mosquito transmissor de doenças?
       
In Britain, scientists at Oxford University and the biotech firm Oxitec have genetically modified (GM) the males of Aedes aegypti - a mosquito species that carries both the Zika and Dengue viruses. – Na Grã-Bretanha, cientistas da Universidade de Oxford e da empresa de biotecnologia Oxitec modificaram geneticamente (GM) os machos do Aedes aegypti – uma espécie de mosquito que transmite os vírus Zika e Dengue.

These GM males carry a gene that stops their offspring from developing properly. – Esses machos geneticamente modificados carregam um gene que impede o desenvolvimento adequado de seus descendentes.

This second generation of mosquitoes then die before they can reproduce and become carriers of disease themselves. – Esta segunda geração de mosquitos então morrem antes de se reproduzirem e se tornarem portadores de doenças.
       
So are there any downsides to removing mosquitoes? – Então, há alguma desvantagem em remover os mosquitos? 

Mosquitoes, which mostly feed on plant nectar, are important pollinators. – Os mosquitos, que se alimentam principalmente de néctar de plantas, são importantes polinizadores.

They are also a food source for birds and bats while their young - as larvae - are consumed by fish and frogs. – Eles também são fonte de alimento para pássaros e morcegos, enquanto seus filhotes – como larvas – são consumidos por peixes e sapos.

This could have an effect further ahead in the food chain. – Isto poderia ter um efeito mais adiante na cadeia alimentar.

Mosquitoes also have limited the destructive impact of humanity on nature. – Os mosquitos também limitaram o impacto destrutivo da humanidade na natureza.

Mosquitoes make tropical rainforests, for humans, virtually uninhabitable. – Os mosquitos tornam as florestas tropicais, para os humanos, praticamente inabitáveis.

Rainforests are home to a large share of our total plant and animal species, and nothing has done more to delay man-made destruction over the past 10,000 years than the mosquito. – As florestas tropicais são o lar de uma grande parte do total de nossas espécies vegetais e animais, e nada fez mais para atrasar a destruição provocada pelo homem nos últimos 10.000 anos do que o mosquito.

54 – According to the text, choose the correct statement.

(A) Female mosquitoes from all the species cause the diseases mentioned.

(B) People from wealthy countries are the most bitten by mosquitoes.
(C) Mosquitoes are also important for food chain balance and pollination.
(D) A few species of male mosquitoes were genetically modified.
(E) Mosquitoes carry diseases, infect animals and destroy the rainforests.

•    Gabarito C   

(A) Female mosquitoes from all the species cause the diseases mentioned.

(B) People from wealthy countries are the most bitten by mosquitoes.
(C) Mosquitoes are also important for food chain balance and pollination.
(D) A few species of male mosquitoes were genetically modified.

(E) Mosquitoes carry diseases, infect animals and destroy the rainforests.

55 – In the sentence "... a gene that stops their offspring from developing properly." (paragraph 3), the word OFFSPRING means

(A) wombs.
(B) viruses.
(C) diseases.
(D) brains.
(E) babies.

•    Gabarito E   

• "... a gene that stops their offspring from developing properly."
• "... um gene que impede os seus descendentes de se desenvolverem adequadamente."

the word OFFSPRING means

(A) wombs.

(B) viruses.
(C) diseases.
(D) brains.

(E) babies.

56 – In the sentence "This could have an effect further ahead in the food chain." (paragraph 4), the word FURTHER expresses

(A) addition.
(B) distance.
(C) contrast.
(D) time.
(E) conclusion.

•    Gabarito D   

• "This could have an effect further ahead in the food chain."
• "Isto pode ter um efeito mais à frente na cadeia alimentar."

the word FURTHER expresses

(A) addition.

(B) distance.

(C) contrast.

(D) time.

(E) conclusion.

EsPCEx 2015

 

ESCOLA PREPARATÓRIA DE CADETES DO EXÉRCITO

•    2015  

PROVA DE INGLÊS      

GABARITO FINAL

•    PROVA  

• 12 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | Chapter 1 - Madras 1986 | bbc.com |
• Texto (2) – | Frequently Asked Questions – Instagram | instagram.com |
• Texto (3) – | Children experience basic training and mock deployment | buckley.af.mil |
• Texto (4) – | We're so well educated – but we're useless | guardian.co.uk |

•    TEXTO 1  

Leia o texto a seguir, extraído do livro He knows too much, e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.

Chapter 1 - Madras 1986

"He knows too much. I must ask you to do nothing."

"But this time I caught him in the act. I have proof, witnesses, everything. There is no possible doubt."
    
"I said he knows too much! The company can't afford to have any problems. Our position is very sensitive in this country. We can't afford to take risks. I am telling you once again – you will do nothing. And if there is any trouble, I'm afraid I shall have to hold you personally responsible. So be sensible for once in your life."

"I see. So you are telling me to close my eyes to corruption and behave as if nothing has happened. Is that right?"

"I didn't put it quite like that. But, if you insist, yes. What Vish does or doesn't do is a minor matter compared with the company's global strategy. Just try to get things in perspective. After all, you won't be stuck in Madras for ever – I'll make sure that you are not. So just go with the flow for a bit longer. When you're in your next post this will all seem a very long way away, I can assure you. But meantime, no trouble. I hope I've made myself clear. Oh, and, by the way, I advise you to forget that we have had this conversation. Goodbye."

Dick Sterling put the phone down. His hands were trembling. He was furious with himself for failing to persuade his boss in Delhi, Keith Lennox, to support him, and was disgusted at the mixture of veiled threats and vague promises Lennox had made.

• Adapted from MALEY, Alan. He knows too much. Cambridge University Press, 1999. p.6

45 – In the sentences

• "Our position is very sensitive in this country."

and

• "So be sensible for once in your life."(paragraph 3),

sensitive and sensible mean respectively

(A) completely safe; responsive.
(B) innocent; inoffensive.
(C) easily affected; reasonable.
(D) conservative; harmful.
(E) worried; stupid.

•    Gabarito C  

TÓPICO - SENSITIVE (= easily affected)  vs SENSIBLE (= reasonable):

• "Our position is very sensitive in this country."
• A nossa posição é muito sensível neste país.

and

• "So be sensible for once in your life."(paragraph 3),
• Por isso, seja sensato pelo menos uma vez na vida.

sensitive and sensible mean respectively

(A) completely safe; responsive.
(B) innocent; inoffensive.
(C) easily affected; reasonable.
(D) conservative; harmful.
(E) worried; stupid.

46 – The sentence

• "So just go with the flow for a bit longer." (paragraph 5),

the expression go with the flow means

[A] don't accept corruption.
[B] don't accept bribery.
[C] don't fight vague promises.
[D] don't accept threats.
[E] don't fight prevailing trends.

•    Gabarito E  

• "So just go with the flow for a bit longer."
• Depois siga o fluxo por mais um pouco.

the expression go with the flow means

[A] don't accept corruption. não aceitar a corrupção.
[B] don't accept bribery. não aceitar suborno.
[C] don't fight vague promises. não lutar contra promessas vagas.
[D] don't accept threats.  não aceitar ameaças.
[E] don't fight prevailing trends. não lutar contra as tendências prevalecentes.

>> "GO WITH THE FLOW" (idiom) - to do what other people are doing or agree with the opinions of others. (https://dictionary.cambridge.org) - "deixar-se levar" ou "aceitar as coisas como elas são".

• I like to go with the flow, whatever you decide is cool with me.
• A person who goes with flow, easily fits into a given situation.

47 – According to the text, Keith Lennox and Dick Sterling are

[A] father and son.
[B] union members.
[C] close friends.
[D] superior and subordinate.
[E] college colleagues.

•    Gabarito D  

According to the text, Keith Lennox and Dick Sterling are

Keith Lennox e Dick Sterling são

[A] father and son. pai e filho.
[B] union members. sindicalistas.
[C] close friends. amigos íntimos.
[D] superior and subordinate. superior e subordinado.
[E] college colleagues. colegas de faculdade.

>> TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• "[...] Dick Sterling put the phone down. His hands were trembling. He was furious with himself for failing to persuade his boss in Delhi, Keith Lennox,"
• Dick Sterling desligou o telefone. As suas mãos tremiam. Ficou furioso consigo próprio por não ter conseguido convencer o seu chefe em Deli, Keith Lennox.

•    TEXTO 2  

Leia as perguntas e respostas a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50. 

Frequently Asked Questions – Instagram

What is Instagram?

It’s an application for your mobile phone that enables you to edit pictures you have taken with your mobile phone camera using built-in filters and share them with others. If you have an Instagram account you can tag pictures, rate and comment on other people’s pictures and follow other users.
           
How much is your app?          
$0.00.

Where does the name come from?

When we were kids we loved playing around with cameras. We loved how different types of old cameras marketed themselves as “instant” - something we take for granted today. We also felt that the snapshots people were taking were like telegrams in that they got sent over the wire to others - so we figured why not combine the two?
           
How did the idea come about?

We love taking photos. We always assumed taking interesting photos required a big bulky camera and a couple years of art school. But as mobile phone cameras got better and better, we decided to challenge that assumption. We created Instagram to solve three simple problems: 

- Mobile photos always come out looking mediocre. Our awesome looking filters transform your photos into professional-looking snapshots.

- Sharing on multiple platforms is a pain.     

- we help you take a picture once, then share it (instantly) on multiple services.

- Most uploading experiences are clumsy and take forever - we’ve optimized the experience to be fast and efficient.
           
How does privacy work?   

We have adopted a follower model that means if you're "public" on Instagram, anyone can subscribe to follow your photos. We do, however, have a special private option. In this mode, a user can make sure he/she must approve all follow requests before they go through.
            
Who can see my photos?

All photos are public by default which means they are visible to anyone who has an account. If you choose to make your account private, then only people who follow you on Instagram will be able to see your photos.

• Adapted from https://instagram.com/about/faq/#

48 – According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.

I - The user is able to control who is going to be a follower.

II - Anyone can see your pictures when you use the private mode.

III - The name Instagram comes from instant + telegram.
IV - Creators of Instagram think that all mobile pictures look good.

V - The application software is available for free.

VI - You can post your Instagram photos directly to other social platforms.

[A] I, III, V and VI are correct.
[B] I, II, V and VI are correct.
[C] II, III and V are correct.
[D] I, II, IV and V are correct.
[E] All of them are correct.

•    Gabarito A  

According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.

I - The user is able to control who is going to be a follower.

>> CORRETA: O usuário consegue controlar quem vai ser um seguidor.

• "[...] We have adopted a follower model that means if you're "public" on Instagram, anyone can subscribe to follow your photos. We do, however, have a special private option. In this mode, a user can make sure he/she must approve all follow requests before they go through."
• Adotamos um modelo de seguidor que significa que se for “público” no Instagram, qualquer pessoa poderá subscrever para seguir as suas fotografias. No entanto, temos uma opção privada especial. Neste modo, um utilizador pode certificar-se de que deve aprovar todos os pedidos de acompanhamento antes de serem processados.

II - Anyone can see your pictures when you use the private mode.

>> INCORRETA: Qualquer pessoa poderá ver as suas fotografias quando se utiliza o modo privado.

• "[...] If you choose to make your account private, then only people who follow you on Instagram will be able to see your photos."
• Se optar por tornar a sua conta privada, apenas as pessoas que o seguem no Instagram poderão ver as suas fotografias.

III - The name Instagram comes from instant + telegram.

>> CORRETA: O nome Instagram vem de instantâneo + telegrama.

• "[...] When we were kids we loved playing around with cameras. We loved how different types of old cameras marketed themselves as “instant” - something we take for granted today. We also felt that the snapshots people were taking were like telegrams in that they got sent over the wire to others - so we figured why not combine the two?"
• Quando éramos crianças, adorávamos brincar com máquinas fotográficas. Adoramos como diferentes tipos de câmaras antigas se comercializavam como “instantâneas” – algo que hoje consideramos natural. Também sentimos que as fotografias que as pessoas tiravam eram como telegramas, pois eram enviadas para outras pessoas - então pensámos: porque não combinar os dois?

IV - Creators of Instagram think that all mobile pictures look good.

>> INCORRETA: Os criadores do Instagram acham que todas as fotografias de celulares ficam bem.

• "[...] Mobile photos always come out looking mediocre. Our awesome looking filters transform your photos into professional-looking snapshots."
• As fotos dos celulares parecem sempre medíocres. Os nossos filtros incríveis transformam as suas fotos em instantâneos com aspecto profissional.

V - The application software is available for free.

O software aplicativo está disponível gratuitamente.

VI - You can post your Instagram photos directly to other social platforms.

>> CORRETA: Pode publicar as suas fotos do Instagram diretamente noutras plataformas sociais.

• "[...] we help you take a picture once, then share it (instantly) on multiple services."

49 – In the sentence

• "We loved how different types of old cameras marketed themselves as 'instant' - something we take for granted today." (question 3),

the expression something we take for granted means

[A] Something we have to give someone.
[B] Something we have to do everyday.
[C] Something we usually value a lot.
[D] Something we don’t have to learn.
[E] Something we don’t give much importance to.

•    Gabarito E  

• "We loved how different types of old cameras marketed themselves as 'instant' - something we take for granted today."

the expression something we take for granted means

[A] Something we have to give someone.
[B] Something we have to do everyday.
[C] Something we usually value a lot.
[D] Something we don’t have to learn.
[E] Something we don’t give much importance to.

50 – Which words are synonyms for photos in the text?

[A] requests and filters.
[B] snapshots and pictures.
[C] followers and pictures.
[D] platforms and pictures.
[E] requests and snapshots.

•    Gabarito B  

Which words are synonyms for photos in the text?

[A] requests and filters.
[B] snapshots and pictures.
[C] followers and pictures.
[D] platforms and pictures.
[E] requests and snapshots.

•    TEXTO 3  

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.

Children experience basic training and mock deployment 

The 460th Force Support Squadron (FSS) hosted the 6th Annual Operation Future Forces (OFF) Sept. 13, 2014, at Camp Rattlesnake. OFF allows children ages 8-18 to experience what military members endure from basic training to technical school to a mock deployment, ending with a homecoming party.
            
"The youth mock deployment was developed to alleviate many of the stresses commonly experienced by young family members when one or both parents are deployed,” said Thomas Cox, 460th FSS youth program chief. “Everything from basic training, tech schools, camp activities and accomplishing their mission as a team made the event a one of a kind opportunity for military kids.”
            
A few of the boys had their heads shaved before heading off to “Basic Military Training.” The training consisted of doing push-ups and sit-ups, jumping through hula-hoops and running through an inflatable castle. They were also taught how to stand at attention, salute and do an about-face.
            
After basic training, each child attended “technical school” and was taught a specific Air Force Specialty Code to help them in their mock deployment. Some children were taught lifesaving self-aid and buddy care skills while others learned about the importance of radio communications while on a deployment.
            
The tech-school graduates were then issued water pistols before heading out. During their deployment, the children encountered hostile and non-hostile citizens, a water-balloon fight and injured allies who needed help along the way.
            
At the end of a long day, loved ones waited outside the youth center on base with homemade signs welcoming the "troops" back home.
            
"This event was great," said Senior Airman Jasmine Madison, 460th FSS Force Support Force Management technician. "It's a way for kids to get a hands-on understanding of what their parents do when they are separated from them during deployments."

• Adapted from http://www.buckley.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123424927

51 – According to the text, what is a mock deployment?

[A] traveling on a peacekeeping mission.
[B] simulation of a movement of troops on a mission.
[C] rescue mission in a conflict area.
[D] coming back home after a mission abroad.
[E] going on a real mission in another country.

•    Gabarito B  

According to the text, what is a mock deployment?

[A] traveling on a peacekeeping mission. viajar numa missão de manutenção da paz.

[B] simulation of a movement of troops on a mission. simulação de movimentação de tropas em missão.

[C] rescue mission in a conflict area. missão de resgate numa área de conflito.

[D] coming back home after a mission abroad. regressar a casa depois de uma missão no estrangeiro.

[E] going on a real mission in another country. ir em missão real noutro país.

>> MOCK DEPLOYMENT:

From: https://www.defense.gov/Multimedia/Photos/igphoto/2001717109/

• A child performs push-ups with a Marine during Operation Kids Investigating Deployment Services at Camp Sentinel at Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas, Oct. 1, 2016. The event allowed children to learn how their parents prepare for deployments. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Randall Moose.
• Uma criança faz flexões com um fuzileiro durante a Operação Kids Investigating Deployment Services no Camp Sentinel, na Base Aérea de Goodfellow, no Texas, a 1 de outubro de 2016. O evento permitiu que as crianças aprendessem como os seus pais se preparam para os destacamentos. Fotografia da Força Aérea do aviador de 1ª classe Randall Moose.

52 – In the sentence

• "During their deployment, the children encountered hostile and non-hostile citizens, a water-balloon fight and injured allies who needed help along the way.” (paragraph 5),

the words their and who respectively refer to

[A] the children and citizens.
[B] water pistols and injured allies.
[C] the children and injured allies.
[D] deployment and  finon-hostile citizens.
[E] graduates and a water-ballon fight.

•    Gabarito C  

• "During their deployment, the children encountered hostile and non-hostile citizens, a water-balloon fight and injured allies who needed help along the way.” (paragraph 5),

the words their and who respectively refer to

[A] the children and citizens.
[B] water pistols and injured allies.
[C] the children and injured allies.
[D] deployment and  finon-hostile citizens.
[E] graduates and a water-ballon fight.

53 – According to the text, choose the correct statement.

[A] All the children had their heads shaved.
[B] Some children were injured during the event.
[C] All the chilren learned about radio communications.
[D] The event happens every year and lasts only one day.
[E] The objective of the program is to recruit civilian parents.

•    Gabarito D  

[A] All the children had their heads shaved.
[B] Some children were injured during the event.
[C] All the chilren learned about radio communications.
[D] The event happens every year and lasts only one day.
[E] The objective of the program is to recruit civilian parents.

•    TEXTO 4  

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.

We're so well educated – but we're useless            

Record numbers of students have entered higher education in the past 10 years, but despite being the most educated generation in history, it seems that we’ve grown increasingly ignorant when it comes to basic life skills.
           
Looking back on my first weeks living in student halls, I consider myself lucky to still be alive. I have survived a couple of serious boiling egg incidents and numerous cases of food-poisoning, probably from dirty kitchen counters. Although some of my clothes have fallen victim to ironing experimentation, I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my modern education.
            
Educationist Sir Ken Robinson says that our current education system dislocates people from their natural talents and deprives us of what used to be passed from generation to generation – a working knowledge of basic life skills. Today’s graduates may have earned themselves distinctions in history, law or economics, but when it comes to simple things like putting up a shelf to hold all their academic books, or fixing a hole in their on-trend clothes, they have to call for help from a professional handyman or tailor.               
Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills. We don’t grow our own crops, build our own houses, or make our own clothes anymore; we simply buy these things. Unable to create anything ourselves, what we have mastered instead is consumption.
           
Sociologist Saskia Sassen argues that the modern liberal state has created a middle class that isn’t able to “make” anymore. I suggest that we start with the immediate reintroduction of some of the most vital aspects of “domestic science” education. Instead of only maths, language and history, we should create an interactive learning environment in schools where craftsmanship and problem-solving are valued as highly as the ability to absorb and regurgitate information. We need to develop children into people that not only think for themselves, but are also able to act for themselves.

• Adapted from http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/  mortarboard/2013/feb/25/well-educated-but-useless

54 – What is the main topic of the text?

[A] Consumption is the biggest problem of young students.
[B] The most educated generation in history has earned distinctions.
[C] Basic life skills are passed from generation to generation.
[D] Young students attend domestic science education.
[E] Students don’t have the ability to do practical tasks.

•    Gabarito E  

What is the main topic of the text?

[A] Consumption is the biggest problem of young students.
[B] The most educated generation in history has earned distinctions.
[C] Basic life skills are passed from generation to generation.
[D] Young students attend domestic science education.
[E] Students don’t have the ability to do practical tasks.

55 – (EsPCEx-2015-CADETE) In the sentence

• "I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my modern education." (paragraph 2),

the words missed out mean

[A] didn’t miss.
[B] didn’t want.
[C] didn’t have.
[D] didn’t like.
[E] didn’t need.

•    Gabarito C  

• "I think I have now finally acquired all the domestic skills I missed out in my modern education." (paragraph 2),

the words missed out mean

[A] didn’t miss.
[B] didn’t want.
[C] didn’t have.
[D] didn’t like.
[E] didn’t need.

56 – (EsPCEx-2015-CADETE) In the sentence

• "Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills." (paragraph 4),

the word besides can be replaced by

(A) however
(B) in addition to
(C) to the exclusion of
(D) though
(E) as a result of

•    Gabarito B  

• "Besides what we need to know for our own jobs, we must have practical skills." (paragraph 4),

the word besides can be replaced by

(A) however
(B) in addition to
(C) to the exclusion of
(D) though
(E) as a result of