• ESCOLA PREPARATÓRIA DE CADETES DO AR
- 16 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.
- Texto – | What is modern slavery? | www.antislavery.org |
❑ TEXTO: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
O QUE É A ESCRAVIDÃO MODERNA?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century.
►A escravidão não terminou com a abolição no século XIX.
Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
►A escravatura continua até hoje e prejudica pessoas em todos os países do mundo.Women forced into prostitution.
►Mulheres forçadas à prostituição.
People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories.
►Pessoas forçadas a trabalhar na agricultura, no trabalho doméstico e nas fábricas.
Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally.
►Crianças em fábricas clandestinas que produzem bens vendidos globalmente.
• sweatshops (fábricas clandestinas, fábricas que atuam sem estarem em condições legais e técnicas).
• goods (bens, mercadorias, produtos).
Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts.
►Famílias inteiras forçadas a trabalhar de graça para quitar dívidas geracionais.
• to pay off (quitar, pagar).
Girls forced to marry older men.
►Meninas forçadas a se casar com homens mais velhos.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
►Estima-se que existam 40,3 milhões de pessoas em escravidão moderna em todo o mundo, incluindo:
• 10 million children
►10 milhões de crianças
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
►24,9 milhões de pessoas em trabalho forçado
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
►15,4 milhões de pessoas em casamentos forçados
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
►4,8 milhões de pessoas em exploração sexual forçada
Someone is in slavery if they are:
►Alguém está em escravidão se :
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
►for forçado a trabalhar – através de coerção ou ameaça mental ou física;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
►pertencer ou for controlado por um “empregador”, através de abuso mental ou físico ou ameaça de abuso;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
►for desumanizado, tratado como uma mercadoria ou comprado e vendido como “propriedade”;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
►estiver fisicamente constrangido ou tiver restrições à sua liberdade de movimento.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history.
►A escravidão foi um aspecto vergonhoso da sociedade humana durante a maior parte da história humana.
However, AntiSlavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
►No entanto, a AntiSlavery International recusou-se a aceitar que este sangrento status quo deveria persistir (Aidan McQuade, antigo director).
Forms of modern slavery
►Formas de escravidão moderna
►Formas de escravidão moderna
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal.
►Os objetivos da exploração2 podem variar desde a prostituição forçada e o trabalho forçado até ao casamento forçado e à remoção forçada de órgãos.
• exploitation (abuso, manipulação).
Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
►Aqui estão as formas mais comuns de escravidão moderna.
Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
►Trabalho forçado – qualquer trabalho ou serviço que as pessoas são forçadas a realizar contra a sua vontade3 sob a ameaça de alguma forma de punição.
Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
►Servidão por dívida ou trabalho forçado – a forma de escravatura mais difundida no mundo, quando as pessoas pedem dinheiro emprestado que não podem pagar e são obrigadas a trabalhar para saldar a dívida, perdendo então o controlo sobre as condições do seu emprego e da dívida.
Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
►Tráfico de seres humanos – envolve o transporte, recrutamento ou alojamento de pessoas para fins de exploração, recorrendo à violência, ameaças ou coerção.
Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
►Escravidão baseada na descendência – onde as pessoas nascem em escravidão porque os seus antepassados foram capturados e escravizados; eles permanecem na escravidão por descendência.
Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse.
►Escravatura infantil – muitas pessoas confundem frequentemente a escravatura infantil com trabalho infantil, mas é muito pior.
Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain.
Ao mesmo tempo que o trabalho infantil é prejudicial para as crianças e prejudica5 a sua educação e desenvolvimento, a escravatura infantil ocorre quando uma criança é explorada em benefício de outrem.
• Whilst (enquanto, ao mesmo tempo que).
It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
►Pode incluir tráfico de crianças, crianças-soldados, casamento infantil e escravatura doméstica infantil.
Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage.
Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage.
►Casamento forçado e precoce – quando alguém se casa contra a sua vontade e não pode abandonar o casamento.
Most child marriages can be considered slavery.
►A maioria dos casamentos infantis pode ser considerada escravidão.
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above.
►Muitas formas de escravidão têm mais de um elemento listado acima.
For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers.
►Por exemplo, o tráfico de seres humanos envolve frequentemente o pagamento antecipado de viagens e de um emprego no estrangeiro, utilizando dinheiro muitas vezes emprestado dos traficantes.
Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims.
►Então, a dívida contribui para o controle das vítimas.
Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
►Assim que chegam, as vítimas não podem sair até pagarem a sua dívida.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries.
►Muitas pessoas pensam que a escravatura só acontece no estrangeiro, nos países em desenvolvimento.
• overseas (nos países em desenvolvimento, nos países subdesenvolvidos).
• in developing countries (no estrangeiro, no exterior).
In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain.
►Na verdade, nenhum país está livre da escravatura moderna, nem mesmo a Grã-Bretanha.
The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
►O governo estima que há dezenas de milhares de pessoas em situação de escravatura moderna no Reino Unido.
►O governo estima que há dezenas de milhares de pessoas em situação de escravatura moderna no Reino Unido.
• tens of thousands (dezenas de milhares de).
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race.
►A escravatura moderna pode afetar pessoas de qualquer idade, sexo ou raça.
However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
►Contudo, contrariamente ao equívoco comum6 de que todas as pessoas podem ser vítimas da escravatura, alguns grupos de pessoas são muito mais vulneráveis à escravatura do que outros.
►Contudo, contrariamente ao equívoco comum6 de que todas as pessoas podem ser vítimas da escravatura, alguns grupos de pessoas são muito mais vulneráveis à escravatura do que outros.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative.
►As pessoas que vivem na pobreza7 e têm oportunidades limitadas de trabalho digno são mais vulneráveis a aceitar ofertas de emprego enganosas que podem tornar-se exploradoras.
People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved.
►Pessoas que são discriminadas com base na raça, casta ou género também têm maior probabilidade de serem escravizadas.
Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good.
►A escravatura também é mais provável de ocorrer onde o Estado de direito é mais fraco e a corrupção é abundante. A Anti-Slavery International acredita que temos de atacar8 as causas profundas da escravatura para acabarmos definitivamente com a escravatura.
That’s why we published our AntiSlavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
►É por isso que publicámos a nossa Carta Antiescravatura, listando medidas abrangentes que precisam de ser tomadas para acabar com a escravatura em todo o mundo.
- (Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
33 – The concept of slavery worked in the text is
(A) a very hard work for which people are paid very little.
(B) about slaves who hardly work.
(C) about something that is legally owned by someone else.
(D) the activity of having slaves.
(B) about slaves who hardly work.
(C) about something that is legally owned by someone else.
(D) the activity of having slaves.
• Gabarito D
The concept of slavery worked in the text is
O conceito de escravidão trabalhado no texto é
(A) a very hard work for which people are paid very little. um trabalho muito árduo pelo qual as pessoas recebem muito pouco.
(B) about slaves who hardly work.sobre escravos que quase não trabalham.
(C) about something that is legally owned by someone else.sobre algo que é legalmente propriedade de outra pessoa.
(D) the activity of having slaves. a atividade de ter escravos.
(B) about slaves who hardly work.sobre escravos que quase não trabalham.
(C) about something that is legally owned by someone else.sobre algo que é legalmente propriedade de outra pessoa.
(D) the activity of having slaves. a atividade de ter escravos.
34 – Mark the alternative in which the verb "to continue" (line 2) is applied in the sentence correctly.
(A) Slavery continues to exist today, affecting continents and countries.
(B) Today, new forms of slavery continues being tragic.
(C) Poverty continue afflicting vast number of people.
(D) New forms of slavery is continuing to come from poverty.
(B) Today, new forms of slavery continues being tragic.
(C) Poverty continue afflicting vast number of people.
(D) New forms of slavery is continuing to come from poverty.
• Gabarito A
Mark the alternative in which the verb "to continue" (line 2) is applied in the sentence correctly.
Marque a alternativa em que o verbo “continuar” (linha 2) é aplicado corretamente na frase.
(A) Slavery continues to exist today, affecting continents and countries. A escravatura continua a existir hoje, afetando continentes e países.
(B) Today, new forms of slavery continues being tragic. Hoje, novas formas de escravidão continuam sendo trágicas.
(C) Poverty continue afflicting vast number of people. A pobreza continua a afectar um grande número de pessoas.
(D) New forms of slavery is continuing to come from poverty. Novas formas de escravatura continuam a surgir da pobreza.
(B) Today, new forms of slavery continues being tragic. Hoje, novas formas de escravidão continuam sendo trágicas.
(C) Poverty continue afflicting vast number of people. A pobreza continua a afectar um grande número de pessoas.
(D) New forms of slavery is continuing to come from poverty. Novas formas de escravatura continuam a surgir da pobreza.
35 – "Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world" (lines 2 and 3).
The highlighted words can be substituted for _____.
(A) them
(B) theirs
(C) their
(D) they
(C) their
(D) they
• Gabarito A
"Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world" “A escravidão continua hoje e prejudica pessoas em todos os países do mundo”
The highlighted words can be substituted for _____.
(A) them
(B) theirs
(C) their
(D) they
(C) their
(D) they
36 – The word "goods"(line 6) means in the text
(A) nice, pleasant.
(B) items for sale.
(C) purchase.
(D) trade.
(B) items for sale.
(C) purchase.
(D) trade.
• Gabarito B
The word "goods"(line 6) means in the text
(A) nice, pleasant. agradável, agradável.
(B) items for sale. itens à venda.
(C) purchase. compra.
(D) trade. comércio.
(B) items for sale. itens à venda.
(C) purchase. compra.
(D) trade. comércio.
►JUSTIFICATIVA:
• Children in sweatshops producing goods sold globally.
Crianças em fábricas exploradoras que produzem BENS (MERCADORIAS, PRODUTOS) vendidos globalmente.
37 – Mark the INCORRECT statement according to the text.
(A) Slavery still exits worldwide.
(B) The modern forms of slavery are encouraging helpless people.
(C) The issue of modern slavery hasn’t finished yet.
(D) Slavery has continued until now.
(B) The modern forms of slavery are encouraging helpless people.
(C) The issue of modern slavery hasn’t finished yet.
(D) Slavery has continued until now.
• Gabarito B
Marque a afirmação INCORRETA de acordo com o texto.
(A) Slavery still exits worldwide. A escravidão ainda existe em todo o mundo.(CORRETA)
(B) The modern forms of slavery are encouraging helpless people. As formas modernas de escravatura encorajam pessoas indefesas.(ERRADA)
(C) The issue of modern slavery hasn’t finished yet. A questão da escravidão moderna ainda não terminou.(CORRETA)
(D) Slavery has continued until now. A escravidão continuou até agora.(CORRETA)
(B) The modern forms of slavery are encouraging helpless people. As formas modernas de escravatura encorajam pessoas indefesas.(ERRADA)
(C) The issue of modern slavery hasn’t finished yet. A questão da escravidão moderna ainda não terminou.(CORRETA)
(D) Slavery has continued until now. A escravidão continuou até agora.(CORRETA)
38 – One of the statements below is according to the text. Mark it.
(A) Modern slavery is never considered a crime.
(B) Modern slavery does not concern authorities.
(C) Slavery today looks exactly the same as it was in the 19th century.
(D) Measures are necessary to stop modern slavery.
(B) Modern slavery does not concern authorities.
(C) Slavery today looks exactly the same as it was in the 19th century.
(D) Measures are necessary to stop modern slavery.
• Gabarito D
Uma das afirmações abaixo está de acordo com o texto.
Marca-lo.
(A) Modern slavery is never considered a crime. A escravidão moderna nunca é considerada um crime.
(B) Modern slavery does not concern authorities. A escravidão moderna não diz respeito às autoridades.
(C) Slavery today looks exactly the same as it was in the 19th century. A escravidão hoje parece exatamente a mesma que era no século XIX.
(D) Measures are necessary to stop modern slavery. São necessárias medidas para acabar com a escravatura moderna.
(B) Modern slavery does not concern authorities. A escravidão moderna não diz respeito às autoridades.
(C) Slavery today looks exactly the same as it was in the 19th century. A escravidão hoje parece exatamente a mesma que era no século XIX.
(D) Measures are necessary to stop modern slavery. São necessárias medidas para acabar com a escravatura moderna.
39 – Mark the option that is NOT mentioned by the author (lines 15 to 23).
(A) Work against people’s will.
(B) Abusive control over workers.
(C) Expensive properties that are bought and sold.
(D) Disrespect for human rights.
(B) Abusive control over workers.
(C) Expensive properties that are bought and sold.
(D) Disrespect for human rights.
• Gabarito C
Mark the option that is NOT mentioned by the author (lines 15 to 23).
Marque a opção que NÃO é citada pelo autor (linhas 15 a 23).
(A) Work against people’s will. Trabalhar contra a vontade das pessoas.
(B) Abusive control over workers. Controle abusivo sobre os trabalhadores.
(C) Expensive properties that are bought and sold. Propriedades caras que são compradas e vendidas.
(D) Disrespect for human rights. Desrespeito aos direitos humanos.
(B) Abusive control over workers. Controle abusivo sobre os trabalhadores.
(C) Expensive properties that are bought and sold. Propriedades caras que são compradas e vendidas.
(D) Disrespect for human rights. Desrespeito aos direitos humanos.
►JUSTIFICATIVA:(lines 15 to 23).
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
40 – Considering the use of possessive adjectives, mark the alternative that completes the sentence below correctly Modern slavery includes
(A) an employee who has its work abused.
(B) children who have his lives affected.
(C) a girl who has her marriage forced.
(D) people who have your freedom restricted.
(B) children who have his lives affected.
(C) a girl who has her marriage forced.
(D) people who have your freedom restricted.
• Gabarito C
Considering the use of possessive adjectives, mark the alternative that completes the sentence below correctly Modern slavery includes
(A) an employee who has its work abused.
(B) children who have his lives affected.
(C) a girl who has her marriage forced.
(D) people who have your freedom restricted.
(C) a girl who has her marriage forced.
(D) people who have your freedom restricted.
41 – Mark the INCORRECT statement, considering the content of the text.
(A) If intimidated people don’t do the forced labour, they’re going to suffer afterwards.
(B) If people cannot pay what they borrowed, they’ll have to work to pay off the debt.
(C) Employers will threat explored people if they don’t do what they want to.
(D) If children don’t receive education, their owners will punish them.
(C) Employers will threat explored people if they don’t do what they want to.
(D) If children don’t receive education, their owners will punish them.
• Gabarito D
(A) If intimidated people don’t do the forced labour, they’re going to suffer afterwards.
(B) If people cannot pay what they borrowed, they’ll have to work to pay off the debt.
(C) Employers will threat explored people if they don’t do what they want to.
(D) If children don’t receive education, their owners will punish them.
(C) Employers will threat explored people if they don’t do what they want to.
(D) If children don’t receive education, their owners will punish them.
42 – Mark the sentence from the text that is an example of comparative form.
(A) Owned or controlled by an 'employer'. (line 18)
(B) Most child marriages can be considered slavery. (lines 58 and 59)
(C) [...] people are much more vulnerable to slavery[...] (lines 74 and 75)
(D) [...] that need to be taken to end slavery across the world. (lines 86 and 87)
(C) [...] people are much more vulnerable to slavery[...] (lines 74 and 75)
(D) [...] that need to be taken to end slavery across the world. (lines 86 and 87)
• Gabarito C
(A) Owned or controlled by an 'employer'. (line 18)
(B) Most child marriages can be considered slavery. (lines 58 and 59)
(C) [...] people are much more vulnerable to slavery[...] (lines 74 and 75)
(D) [...] that need to be taken to end slavery across the world. (lines 86 and 87)(C) [...] people are much more vulnerable to slavery[...] (lines 74 and 75)
43 – Mark the option that replaces the underlined words, respectively, keeping the same meaning.
- “[...] many people often confuse child slavery with child labour [...]” (lines 48 and 49)
(A) a lot.
(B) very.
(C) much.
(D) a lot of.
(B) very.
(C) much.
(D) a lot of.
• Gabarito D
- “[...] many people often confuse child slavery with child labour [...]” (lines 48 and 49)
(A) a lot.
(B) very.
(C) much.
(D) a lot of.
(B) very.
(C) much.
(D) a lot of.
44 – In the topic “Forced and early marriage” (line 56), the modal verb can be replaced by ____ without changing the meaning.
(A) mustn’t
(B) shouldn’t
(C) doesn’t have to
(D) doesn’t need to
(C) doesn’t have to
(D) doesn’t need to
• Gabarito A
(A) mustn’t
(B) shouldn’t
(C) doesn’t have to
(D) doesn’t need to
(C) doesn’t have to
(D) doesn’t need to
45 – Mark the option with the suitable question to answer the fragment below.
- “When someone is married against their will”. (lines 56 and 57)
(A) When does anyone get married?
(B) When are women married?
(C) When does it happen?
(D) When is anyone getting married?
(B) When are women married?
(C) When does it happen?
(D) When is anyone getting married?
• Gabarito C
Marque a opção com a pergunta adequada para responder ao fragmento abaixo.
“When someone is married against their will”. (Quando alguém se casa contra a vontade)
(A) When does anyone get married? Quando alguém se casa?
(B) When are women married? Quando as mulheres são casadas?
(C) When does it happen? Quando isso acontece?
(D) When is anyone getting married? Quando alguém vai se casar?
(B) When are women married? Quando as mulheres são casadas?
(C) When does it happen? Quando isso acontece?
(D) When is anyone getting married? Quando alguém vai se casar?
46 – Mark the option that has an uncountable word from the text
(A) Slavery (line 1).
(B) Threat (line 19).
(C) Property (line 21).
(D) Payment (line 62).
(C) Property (line 21).
(D) Payment (line 62).
• Gabarito X
Mark the option that has an uncountable word from the text
(A) Slavery (line 1).
(B) Threat (line 19).
(C) Property (line 21).
(D) Payment (line 62).
(C) Property (line 21).
(D) Payment (line 62).
47 – The author concludes that Anti-Slavery International believes
(A) we need new laws in order to combat slavery.
(B) it’s important to attack the origin of slavery to extinguish it forever.
(C) slavery is growing faster and faster.
(D) there’s no way to end slavery across the world.
(C) slavery is growing faster and faster.
(D) there’s no way to end slavery across the world.
• Gabarito B
O autor conclui que a Anti-Slavery International acredita
(A) we need new laws in order to combat slavery. precisamos de novas leis para combater a escravidão.
(B) it’s important to attack the origin of slavery to extinguish it forever. é importante atacar a origem da escravidão para extingui-la para sempre.
(C) slavery is growing faster and faster. a escravidão está crescendo cada vez mais rápido.
(D) there’s no way to end slavery across the world. não há como acabar com a escravidão em todo o mundo.
(C) slavery is growing faster and faster. a escravidão está crescendo cada vez mais rápido.
(D) there’s no way to end slavery across the world. não há como acabar com a escravidão em todo o mundo.
48 – Anti-Slavery International
(A) persuades us to tolerate the new forms of slavery.
(B) defends human rights.
(C) can afford slaves’ working hours.
(D) stops people from being killed.
(C) can afford slaves’ working hours.
(D) stops people from being killed.
• Gabarito B
Anti-Slavery International
(A) persuades us to tolerate the new forms of slavery. nos convence a tolerar as novas formas de escravidão.
(B) defends human rights. defende os direitos humanos.
(C) can afford slaves’ working hours. pode pagar as horas de trabalho dos escravos.
(D) stops people from being killed. pode pagar as horas de trabalho dos escravos.
(C) can afford slaves’ working hours. pode pagar as horas de trabalho dos escravos.
(D) stops people from being killed. pode pagar as horas de trabalho dos escravos.
