🔖ESPCEX 2025 — Questão 56 de Inglês Comentada | 🏛️ B3GE™
⬛ Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Stateless People
Stateless people are not recognized as citizens by any country. UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) advocates for their rights and works to prevent and end statelessness globally. Millions of people around the world are denied the right to a nationality, which leaves them stateless. As a result, they may be unable to access other basic rights and services. They are also often at a higher risk of exploitation and abuse. At the end of June 2024, UNHCR’s statistical reporting counted 4.4 million stateless people. Given that most countries do not report statelessness data, the actual figure is believed to be substantially higher. Stateless people can be found in almost every country and in all regions of the world, and most live in the same country in which they were born.
Stateless people face a lifetime of missed opportunities and disappointment. When they are born, their parents may not be able to register their birth, obtain a birth certificate or other legal identity documents. Without this, they often cannot be enrolled in school. If they do manage to enter school and receive education, they may be barred from sitting formal exams to progress or enter university, unless they can prove their legal identity. As an adult, they may not be allowed to work legally, which leaves them at an increased risk of exploitation and abuse as they take low-paying and informal jobs. They often cannot access public services like health care. They also frequently cannot open a bank account, vote, get a passport to travel, buy a home or even get married. Stateless people cannot confer a nationality on their children. If the child is unable to obtain a nationality through either of their parents or from the country of birth, they will also end up stateless, perpetuating statelessness across generations.
What is the difference between a stateless person and a refugee? A stateless person is not considered a national of any country. A refugee is someone who has fled their country to escape conflict or persecution and has crossed an international border. While most refugees have a nationality, a person can be both stateless and a refugee. However, the majority of stateless people live within the country in which they were born and have never crossed an international border.
⬛ Adapted from: https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/who-we-protect/stateless-people
56. According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.
I – UNHCR supports stateless people to move to a new country.
II – There are probably more than 4.4 million stateless people in the world.
III – Stateless people prefer informal jobs because they don’t have bank accounts.
IV – Stateless people may find themselves in a vicious circle.
V – Stateless people don’t have a nationality, neither do refugees.
[A] Only II is correct.
[B] II and IV are correct.
[C] I and III are correct.
[D] III and V are correct.
[E] I, IV and V are correct.
⬛ Gabarito: (B)
🧭 1️⃣ Leitura orientada da questão
A questão exige leitura criteriosa do texto para verificar quais afirmações estão de acordo com informações explícitas. Cada item (I a V) deve ser julgado individualmente, sem inferência externa.
📝 2️⃣ Análise técnica das afirmações
I. ❌
Incorreta. O texto afirma que a UNHCR advocates for the rights of stateless people
and works to prevent and end statelessness. Não há menção a apoio para
mudança de país.
II. ✅
Correta. O texto afirma que, embora o número registrado seja de
4.4 million, o total real é
believed to be substantially higher.
III. ❌
Incorreta. O texto diz que eles acabam em empregos informais
porque não podem trabalhar legalmente,
não porque “preferem” nem por falta de conta bancária.
IV. ✅
Correta. O texto descreve um processo de
perpetuação da apatridia:
pessoas sem nacionalidade não podem transmiti-la aos filhos,
criando um ciclo contínuo entre gerações.
V. ❌
Incorreta. O texto esclarece que a maioria dos refugiados tem nacionalidade.
Logo, não é correto afirmar que refugiados, em geral, não têm nacionalidade.
⚠️ 3️⃣ Armadilhas clássicas da banca
A banca costuma:
• trocar causa por consequência;
• generalizar exceções (refugiados);
• inserir verbos de intenção (“prefer”, “support”) que não aparecem no texto.
❗ Regra de ouro: em itens I–V, cada palavra importa. Se não está no texto, está errado.
🧠 4️⃣ Resumo B3GE™ Master
✔ O número real de apátridas é provavelmente maior que 4.4 milhões.
✔ A apatridia tende a se reproduzir entre gerações.
✔ Refugiado ≠ apátrida (conceitos distintos).
🔎 Gabarito confirmado: (B)
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