🔖ESPCEX 2025 — Questão 54 de Inglês Comentada | 🏛️ B3GE™
⬛ Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Stateless People
Stateless people are not recognized as citizens by any country. UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) advocates for their rights and works to prevent and end statelessness globally. Millions of people around the world are denied the right to a nationality, which leaves them stateless. As a result, they may be unable to access other basic rights and services. They are also often at a higher risk of exploitation and abuse. At the end of June 2024, UNHCR’s statistical reporting counted 4.4 million stateless people. Given that most countries do not report statelessness data, the actual figure is believed to be substantially higher. Stateless people can be found in almost every country and in all regions of the world, and most live in the same country in which they were born.
Stateless people face a lifetime of missed opportunities and disappointment. When they are born, their parents may not be able to register their birth, obtain a birth certificate or other legal identity documents. Without this, they often cannot be enrolled in school. If they do manage to enter school and receive education, they may be barred from sitting formal exams to progress or enter university, unless they can prove their legal identity. As an adult, they may not be allowed to work legally, which leaves them at an increased risk of exploitation and abuse as they take low-paying and informal jobs. They often cannot access public services like health care. They also frequently cannot open a bank account, vote, get a passport to travel, buy a home or even get married. Stateless people cannot confer a nationality on their children. If the child is unable to obtain a nationality through either of their parents or from the country of birth, they will also end up stateless, perpetuating statelessness across generations.
What is the difference between a stateless person and a refugee? A stateless person is not considered a national of any country. A refugee is someone who has fled their country to escape conflict or persecution and has crossed an international border. While most refugees have a nationality, a person can be both stateless and a refugee. However, the majority of stateless people live within the country in which they were born and have never crossed an international border.
⬛ Adapted from: https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/who-we-protect/stateless-people
54. The word statelessness (paragraph 1) is
[A] an adjective.
[B] an adverb.
[C] an article.
[D] a noun.
[E] a conjunction.
⬛ Gabarito: (D)
🧭 1️⃣ Leitura orientada da questão
A questão cobra classificação gramatical, pedindo que o candidato identifique a classe da palavra statelessness conforme seu uso no texto.
No parágrafo 1, statelessness nomeia um estado/condição (“prevent and end statelessness globally”), funcionando como o núcleo do sintagma.
📝 2️⃣ Análise técnica das alternativas (uma a uma)
[A] ❌
Incorreta. Adjetivos qualificam substantivos.
Statelessness não qualifica outro termo; ele nomeia uma condição.
[B] ❌
Incorreta. Advérbios modificam verbos, adjetivos ou outros advérbios.
Esse não é o papel desempenhado pela palavra no texto.
[C] ❌
Incorreta. Artigos são palavras funcionais (a, an, the) que acompanham substantivos,
o que não se aplica aqui.
[D] ✅
Correta. Statelessness é um substantivo, formado a partir do adjetivo
stateless + o sufixo -ness, que cria nomes de estado ou condição.
[E] ❌
Incorreta. Conjunções ligam orações ou termos coordenados/subordinados,
o que não ocorre com statelessness.
⚠️ 3️⃣ Armadilhas clássicas da banca
A banca explora o desconhecimento de formação de palavras. Muitos candidatos associam stateless (adjetivo) automaticamente a statelessness, sem perceber a mudança de classe gramatical.
❗ Regra de ouro: sufixos como -ness, -tion e -ment geralmente formam substantivos.
🧠 4️⃣ Resumo B3GE™ Master
✔ Statelessness nomeia uma condição.
✔ O sufixo -ness indica substantivo abstrato.
✔ Classificação correta: noun.
🔎 Gabarito confirmado: (D)
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